References
[1]. Albu, R. D. (2015, June). Face anti-spoofing based on
Radon transform. In 2015, 13th International Conference on
Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES) (pp. 1-4).
IEEE.
[2]. Ali, A., Deravi, F., & Hoque, S. (2012, September).
Liveness detection using gaze collinearity. In 2012, Third
International Conference on Emerging Security
Technologies (pp. 62-65). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/E
ST.2012.12
[3]. Alotaibi, A., & Mahmood, A. (2016, June). Enhancing
computer vision to detect face spoofing attack utilizing a
single frame from a replay video attack using deep
learning. In 2016, International Conference on
Optoelectronics and Image Processing (ICOIP) (pp. 1-5).
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIP.20 16.7528488
[4]. Anjos, A., Chakka, M. M., & Marcel, S. (2013).
Motion-based counter-measures to photo attacks in
face recognition. IET biometrics, 3(3), 147-158.
https://doi.org/1 0.1049/iet-bmt.2012.0071
[5]. Arashloo, S. R., Kittler, J., & Christmas, W. (2015).
Face spoofing detection based on multiple descriptorfusion using multiscale dynamic binarized statistical image features. IEEE Transactions on Information
Forensics and Security, 10 (11) , 2396 - 2407 .
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS. 2015.2458700
[6]. Asaduzzaman, A., Mummidi, A., Mridha, M. F., &
Sibai, F. N. (2015, December). Improving facial
recognition accuracy by applying liveness monitoring
technique. In 2015, International Conference on
Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE) (pp. 133-136).
IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ IC AEE.2015.7506814
[7]. Bao, W., Li, H., Li, N., & Jiang, W. (2009, April). A
liveness detection method for face recognition based on
optical flow field. In 2009, International Conference on
Image Analysis and Signal Processing (pp. 233-236). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IASP.2009.5054589
[8]. Bharadwaj, S., Dhamecha, T. I., Vatsa, M., & Singh, R.
(2013). Computationally efficient face spoofing
detection with motion magnification. In Proceedings of
the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition Workshops (pp. 105-110).
[9]. Bhardwaj, P., Debbarma, S., Deb, S., Debbarma, N.,
& Pal, J. (2012). Liveness detection using eye blink a case
study. International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), 1(3), 21-28.
[10]. Boulkenafet, Z., Komulainen, J., &Hadid, A. (2015,
September). Face anti-spoofing based on color texture
analysis. In 2015, IEEE International Conference on
Image Processing (ICIP) (pp. 2636-2640). IEEE.
https://doi.org /10.1109/ICIP.2015.7351280
[11]. Boulkenafet, Z., Komulainen, J., & Hadid, A. (2016).
Face spoofing detection using colour texture analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,
11(8), 1818-1830. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2016.25
55286
[12]. Chingovska, I., Anjos, A., & Marcel, S. (2012,
September). On the effectiveness of local binary patterns
in face anti-spoofing. In 2012, BIOSIG-proceedings of the
international Conference of Biometrics Special Interest
Group (BIOSIG) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
[13]. de Freitas Pereira, T., Anjos, A., De Martino, J. M., &
Marcel, S. (2013, June). Can face anti-spoofing
countermeasures work in a real world scenario? In 2013,
International Conference on Biometrics (ICB) (pp. 1-8).
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICB.2013.6612981
[14]. de Freitas Pereira, T., Komulainen, J., Anjos, A., De
Martino, J. M., Hadid, A., Pietikäinen, M., & Marcel, S.
(2014). Face liveness detection using dynamic texture.
EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing,
2014(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-5281-2014-2
[15]. Galbally, J., & Marcel, S. (2014, August). Face antispoofing
based on general image quality assessment. In
2014, 22nd International Conference on Pattern
Recognition (pp. 1173-1178). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.11
09/ICPR.2014.211
[16]. Galbally, J., Marcel, S., & Fierrez, J. (2014).
Biometric antispoofing methods: A survey in face
recognition. IEEE Access, 2, 1530-1552. https://doi.org/
10.11 09/ ACCESS. 2014.2381273
[17]. Garcia, D. C., & de Queiroz, R. L. (2015). Facespoofing
2D-detection based on moiré-pattern analysis.
IEEE transactions on information forensics and security,
10(4), 778-786.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2411
394
[18]. Garud, D., & Agrwal, S. S. (2016, September). Face
liveness detection. In 2016, International Conference on
Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization
Techniques (ICACDOT) (pp. 789-792). IEEE. https://doi.
org/ 10.1109/ICACDOT.2016.7877695
[19]. Housam, K. B., Lau, S. H., Pang, Y. H., Liew, Y. P., &
Chiang, M. L. (2014, May). Face spoofing detection
based on improved local graph structure. In 2014,
International Conference on Information Science &
Applications (ICISA) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1
109/ICISA.2014.6847399
[20]. Ito, K., Okano, T., & Aoki, T. (2017, December).
Recent advances in biometrie security: A case study of
liveness detection in face recognition. In 2017, Asia-
Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association
Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC) (pp. 220-
227). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/APSIPA.2017.8282031
[21]. Kähm, O., &Damer, N. (2012, September). 2D face
liveness detection: An overview. In 2012, BIOSIGREVIEW Proceedings of the International Conference of
Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG) (pp. 1-12). IEEE.
[22]. Killioğlu, M., Taşkiran, M., & Kahraman, N. (2017,
January). Anti-spoofing in face recognition with liveness
th detection using pupil tracking. In 2017, IEEE 15
International Symposium on Applied Machine
Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI) (pp.000087-000092).
EEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SAMI.2017.7880281
[23]. Kim, S., Yu, S., Kim, K., Ban, Y., & Lee, S. (2013, June).
Face liveness detection using variable focusing. In 2013,
International Conference on Biometrics (ICB) (pp. 1-6).
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICB.2013.6613002
[24]. Kim, W., Suh, S., & Han, J. J. (2015). Face liveness
detection from a single image via diffusion speed model.
IEEE transactions on Image processing, 24(8), 2456-2465.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2015.2422574
[25]. Kim, Y., Yoo, J. H., & Choi, K. (2011). A motion and
similarity-based fake detection method for biometric
face recognition systems. IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, 57(2), 756-762. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.
2 011.595 5219
[26]. Kollreider, K., Fronthaler, H., & Bigun, J. (2005,
October). Evaluating liveness by face images and the
structure tensor. In Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic
Identification Advanced Technologies (AutoID'05) (pp.
75-80). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AUTOID.2005.20
[27]. Kollreider, K., Fronthaler, H., & Bigun, J. (2008, June).
Verifying liveness by multiple experts in face biometrics. In
2008, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2 008.45 63115
[28]. Kollreider, K., Fronthaler, H., & Bigun, J. (2009). Nonintrusive
liveness detection by face images. Image and
Vision Computing, 27(3), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.101
6/j.imavis.2007.05.004
[29]. Kose, N., & Dugelay, J. L. (2012, May). Classification
of captured and recaptured images to detect
photograph spoofing. In 2012, International Conference
on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV) (pp. 1027-
1032). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEV.2012.6317336
[30]. Królak, A., &Strumiłło, P. (2012). Eye-blink detection
system for human–computer interaction. Universal
Access in the Information Society, 11(4), 409-
419.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-011-0256-6
[31]. Kumar, S., Singh, S., & Kumar, J. (2017, May). A
comparative study on face spoofing attacks. In 2017,
International Conference on Computing,
Communication and Automation (ICCCA) (pp. 1104-
1108). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2017.822996
1
[32]. Lee, T. W., Ju, G. H., Liu, H. S., & Wu, Y. S. (2013, May).
Liveness detection using frequency entropy of image
sequences. In 2013, IEEE International Conference on
Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (pp. 2367-
2370). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2013.66
38078
[33]. Li, J. W. (2008, July). Eye blink detection based on
multiple Gabor response waves. In 2008, International
Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (Vol.
5, pp. 2852-2856). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.
20 08.4620894
[34]. Li, J., Wang, Y., Tan, T., & Jain, A. K. (2004, August).
Live face detection based on the analysis of fourier
spectra. In Biometric technology for human
identification (Vol. 5404, pp. 296-303). International
Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.111
7/12.541955
[35]. Luan, X., Wang, H., Ou, W., & Liu, L. (2017,
December). Face liveness detection with recaptured
feature extraction. In 2017, International Conference on
Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics (SPAC) (pp.
429-432). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAC.2017.830
4317
[36]. Määttä, J., Hadid, A., & Pietikäinen, M. (2011,
October). Face spoofing detection from single images
using micro-texture analysis. In 2011, international Joint
Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCB.2011.6117510
[37]. Määttä, J., Hadid, A., & Pietikäinen, M. (2012).
Face spoofing detection from single images using
texture and local shape analysis. IET Biometrics, 1(1), 3-
10. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2011.0009
[38]. Malik, K., & Smolka, B. (2014, April). Eye blink
detection using local binar y patterns. In 2014,
International Conference on Multimedia Computing
and Systems (ICMCS) (pp. 385-390). IEEE. https://doi.org/1
0.1109/ICMCS.2014. 6911268
[39]. Matthew, P., & Anderson, M. (2014, September).
Novel Categorisation Techniques for Liveness Detection.
In 2014, Eighth International Conference on Next
Generation Mobile Apps, Services and Technologies (pp.
153-158). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/NGMAST.2014.51
[40]. Nalinakshi, B. G., Hatture, S. M., Gabasavalgi, M. S.,
& Karchi, R. P. (2013). Liveness detection technique for
prevention of spoof attack in face recognition system.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering, 3(12), 627-633.
[41]. Pan, G., Sun, L., Wu, Z., & Lao, S. (2007, October).
Eyeblink-based anti-spoofing in face recognition from a
generic webcamera. In 2007, IEEE 11th International
Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2007.4409068
[42]. Pan, G., Wu, Z., & Sun, L. (2008). Liveness detection
for face recognition. Recent Advances in Face
Recognition, 109-124.
[43]. Parveen, S., Ahmad, S. M. S., Hanafi, M., & Adnan, W.
A. W. (2015). Face anti-spoofing methods. Current
Science, 1491-1500. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24905
394
[44]. Peng, J., & Chan, P. P. (2014, July). Face liveness
detection for combating the spoofing attack in face
recognition. In 2014, International Conference on
Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (pp. 176-181).
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWAPR.2014.6961311
[45]. Peng, J., & Chan, P. P. (2014, July). Face liveness
detection for combating the spoofing attack in face
recognition. In 2014, International Conference on
Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (pp. 176-181).
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWAPR.2014.6961311
[46]. Pinto, A., Pedrini, H., Schwartz, W. R., & Rocha, A.
(2015). Face spoofing detection through visual
codebooks of spectral temporal cubes. IEEE Transactions
on Image Processing, 24(12), 4726-4740. https://doi.org
/10 1109/TIP.2015.2466088
[47]. Pravallika, P., & Prasad, K. S. (2016, August). SVM
classification for fake biometric detection using image
quality assessment: Application to iris, face and palm
print. In 2016, International Conference on Inventive
Computation Technologies (ICICT) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-6). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ INVENTIVE.2016.7823189
[48]. Schwartz, W. R., Rocha, A., & Pedrini, H. (2011,
October). Face spoofing detection through partial least
squares and low-level descriptors. In 2011, International
Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCB.2011.6117592
[49]. Sharma, A., & Dahiya, S. SPOOF DETECTION: (2014)
Application to face recognition. International Journal
on Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 26-29
[50]. Siddiqui, T. A., Bharadwaj, S., Dhamecha, T. I.,
Agarwal, A., Vatsa, M., Singh, R., & Ratha, N. (2016,
December). Face anti-spoofing with multifeature
videolet aggregation. In 2016, 23rd International
Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) (pp. 1035-
1040). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR .2016.7899772
[51]. Singh, A. K., Joshi, P., & Nandi, G. C. (2014, July).
Face recognition with liveness detection using eye and
mouth movement. In 2014, International Conference on
Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT)
(pp. 592-597). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ICSPCT.
2014.6884911
[52]. Sun, L., Pan, G., Wu, Z., & Lao, S. (2007, August).
Blinking-based live face detection using conditional
random fields. In International Conference on
Biometrics (pp. 252-260). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3 -540-74549-5_27
[53]. Tirunagari, S., Poh, N., Windridge, D., Iorliam, A.,
Suki, N., & Ho, A. T. (2015). Detection of face spoofing
using visual dynamics. IEEE Transactions on Information
Forensics and Security, 10(4), 762-777. https://doi.org/
10.1109/TIFS.2015.2406533
[54]. Tronci, R., Muntoni, D., Fadda, G., Pili, M., Sirena,
N., Murgia, G., Ristori, M., Ricerche, S., & Roli, F. (2011,
October). Fusion of multiple clues for photo-attack
detection in face recognition systems. In 2011, International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB) (pp.
1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.110 9/IJCB.2011.6117522
[55]. Wen, D., Han, H., & Jain, A. K. (2015). Face spoof
detection with image distortion analysis. IEEE Transactions
on Information Forensics and Security, 10(4), 746-761.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2400395
[56]. Yan, J., Zhang, Z., Lei, Z., Yi, D., & Li, S. Z. (2012,
December). Face liveness detection by exploring
th multiple scenic clues. In 2012, 12 International
Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision
(ICARCV) (pp. 188-193). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC
ARCV.2012.6485156
[57]. Yang, J., Lei, Z., Liao, S., & Li, S. Z. (2013, June). Face
liveness detection with component dependent
descriptor. In 2013, International Conference on
Biometrics (ICB) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.https://doi.org/10.1
109/ICB.2013. 6612955
[58]. Yang, L. (2014, July). Face liveness detection by
focusing on frontal faces and image backgrounds. In
2014, International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and
Pattern Recognition (pp. 93-97). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.
1109/ICWAPR.2014.6961297
[59]. Yeh, C. H., & Chang, H. H. (2018, March). Face
liveness detection based on perceptual image quality
assessment features with multi-scale analysis. In 2018,
IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer
Vision (WACV) (pp. 49-56). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/
WACV.2018.00012