References
[1]. Ackard, D. M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2001). Health care information sources for adolescents: Age and gender differences on use, concerns, and needs. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29(3), 170-176. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S1054-139X(01)00253-1
[2]. Ahmed, N., Flisher, A. J., Mathews, C., Jansen, S., Mukoma, W., & Schaalma, H. (2006). Process evaluation of the teacher training for an AIDS prevention programme. Health Education Research, 21(5), 621-632. https:// doi.org/10.1093/ her/cyl031
[3]. Alford, S. (2009). Best practices for youth-friendly ser vices. Advocates for Youth. Retrieved from https://www.advocatesforyouth.org/wpcontent/uploads/st orage//advfy/documents/bp-youth-friendly-services.pdf
[4]. Ambresin, A. E., Bennett, K., Patton, G. C., Sanci, L. A., & Sawyer, S. M. (2013). Assessment of youth-friendly healthcare: A systematic review of indicators drawn from young people's perspectives. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(2013), 670-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jadohealth.2012. 12.014
[5]. Aransiola, J. O., Asa, S., Obinjuwa, P., Olarewaju, O., Ojo, O. O., & Fatusi, A. O. (2013). Teachers' perspectives on sexual and reproductive health interventions for in-school adolescents in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 17(4).
[6]. Asampong, E., Osafo, J., Bingenheimer, J. B., & Ahiadeke, C. (2013). Adolescents and parents' perceptions of best time for sex and sexual communications from two communities in the eastern and Volta Regions of Ghana: Implications for HIV and AIDS education. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 13(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-13-40
[7]. Ayalew, M., Mengistie, B., & Semahegn, A. (2014). Adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among high school students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. Reproductive Health, 11(1), 11-77. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1742-4755-11-77
[8]. Bailey, L. D. (2012). Adolescent girls: A vulnerable population. Advances in Neonatal Care, 12(2), 102-106. doi:10.1097/ANC.0b013e31824c81d6
[9]. Bastien, S., Kajula, L. J., & Muhwezi, W. W. (2011). A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-8-25
[10]. Berg, K., Sun, C. J., & Babalola, S. (2012). Predictors of parent–child communication among a nationally representative sample in Nigeria. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 9(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/ 17290376.2012.683583.
[11]. Bersamin, M., Todd, M., Fisher, D. A., Hill, D. L., Grube, J. W., & Walker, S. (2008). Parenting practices and adolescent sexual behavior: A longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00464.x
[12]. Boulos, M. N. K., & Wheeler, S. (2007). The emerging Web 2.0 social software: An enabling suite of sociable technologies in health and health care education. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 24(1), 2-23. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2007.00701.x
[13]. Breuner, C. C., Mattson, G., & Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. (2016). Sexuality education for children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(2), e20161348. https://doi.org/10.1542/ peds.2016-1348
[14]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Sexual risk behavior: HIV, STD, & teen pregnancy prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthy youth/sexualbehaviors/
[15]. Chandra-Mouli, V., Plesons, M., Hadi, S., Baig, Q., & Lang, I. (2018). Building support for adolescent sexuality and reproductive health education and responding to resistance in conservative contexts: Cases from Pakistan. Global Health: Science and Practice, 6(1), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00285
[16]. Cherie, A., & Berhane, Y. (2012). Oral and anal sex practices among high school youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 5. https://doi.org/10. 1186/1471-2458-12-5
[17]. East, L., & Hutchinson, M. (2013). Moving beyond the therapeutic relationship: A selective review of intimacy in the sexual health encounter in nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(23-24), 3568-3576. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jocn. 12247
[18]. Edmonton Public Schools (EPS). (2017). Parents' guide to teaching sexual health. Retrieved from https://www. epsb.ca/ourdistrict/topics/sexualhealtheducation/
[19]. Edouard, E., & Edouard, L. (2012). Application of information and communication technology for scaling up youth sexual and reproductive health. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 16(2), 197-206.
[20]. Erikson, E. H., & Erikson, J. M. (1998). The Life Cycle Completed. W. W. Norton.
[21]. Evans, D. T. (2013). Promoting sexual health and wellbeing: The role of the nurse. Nursing Standard, 28(10), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2013.11.28.10.53.e7654
[22]. Goldman, J. D. (2008). Responding to parental objections to school sexuality education: A selection of 12 objections. Sex Education, 8(4), 415-438. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14681810802433952
[23]. Goldman, J. D. (2011). An exploration in health education of an integrated theoretical basis for sexuality education pedagogies for young people. Health Education Research, 26(3), 526-541. https://doi.org/10. 1093/her/cyq084
[24]. Goodwin, K. D., Taylor, M. M., Brown, E. C., Winscott, M., Scanlon, M., Hodge, Jr, J. G., England, B. (2012). Protecting adolescents' right to seek treatment for sexually transmitted diseases without parental consent: The Arizona experience with Senate Bill 1309. Public Health Reports, 127(3), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491212 700304
[25]. Guse, K., Levine, D., Martins, S., Lira, A., Gaarde, J., Westmorland, W., & Gilliam, M. (2012). Interventions using new digital media to improve adolescent sexual health: A systematic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(6), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.03.014
[26]. Haboubi, N. H. J., & Lincoln, N. (2003). Views of health professionals on discussing sexual issues with patients. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(6), 291-296. https://doi. org/10.1080/0963828021000031188
[27]. Havighurst, R. J. (1956). Research on the developmental-task concept. School Review, 64(5), 215- 223. https://doi.org/10.1086/442319
[28]. Hayter, M. (2005). Reaching marginalized young people through sexual health nursing outreach clinics: evaluating service use and the views of service users. Public Health Nursing, 22(4), 339-346. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220409.x
[29]. Hennink, M., Rana, I., & Iqbal, R. (2005). Knowledge of personal and sexual development amongst young people in Pakistan. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(4), 319- 332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050500035367
[30]. Herrman, J. W. (2013). Delaware stakeholder perceptions of the provision of reproductive health services by school-based health centers. Retrieved from http://dethrives.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ perceptions-2.pdf
[31]. Hogben, M., Ford, J., Becasen, J. S., & Brown, K. F. (2015). A systematic review of sexual health interventions for adults: narrative evidence. Journal of Sex Research, 52(4), 444-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014. 973100
[32]. Iliyasu, Z., Aliyu, M. H., Abubakar, I. S., & Galadanci, H. S. (2012). Sexual and reproductive health communication between mothers and their adolescent daughters in northern Nigeria. Health Care for Women International, 33(2), 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 07399332.2011.562996
[33]. Jahangir, A., & Mankani, N. (2016). Aahung: Empowering adolescents in Pakistan through life skillsbased education. Retrieved from http://resurj.org/sites/ default/files/2017-05/Aahung-UNGEI.pdf
[34]. Johnson, S. D., & Williams, S. L. (2015). Solutionfocused strategies for effective sexual health communication among African American parents and their adolescents. Health & Social Work, 40(4), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv056
[35]. Kamrani, M. A., & Yahya, S. S. (2016). Bringing X, Y, Z generations together to facilitate school-based sexual and reproductive health education. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(9), 132. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p132
[36]. Khan, A. (2001). Adolescent and reproductive health in Pakistan: A literature review. Islamabad, Pakistan: Population Council: United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved from https://hivhealthclearinghouse.unesco.org/ library/documents/adolescent-and-reproductive-healthpakistan- literature-review
[37]. Kuzma, E. K., & Peters, R. M. (2016). Adolescent vulnerability, sexual health, and the NP's role in health advocacy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 28(7), 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/2327- 6924.12331
[38]. Leavitt, J. K. (2009). Leaders in health policy: A critical role for nursing. Nursing Outlook, 2009(57), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2009.01.007
[39]. Lebese, R. T., Davhana-Maselesele, M., & Obi, C. L. (2010). Sexual health dialogue between parents and teenagers: An imperative in the HIV/AIDS era. Curationis, 33(3), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v33i3.5
[40]. Levine, D. (2011). Using technology, new media, and mobile for sexual and reproductive health. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s13178-011-0040-7
[41]. Magnan, M. A., & Reynolds, K. (2006). Barriers to addressing patient sexuality concerns across five areas of specialization. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 20(6), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200611000-00009
[42]. Magnan, M. E., Reynolds, K. E., & Galvin, E. A. (2005). Barriers to addressing patient sexuality in nursing practice. MEDSURG Nursing, 14(5), 282-292. https://doi.org/10. 1097/00002800-200611000-00009
[43]. Maria, S. D., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jemmott, L. S., Derouin, A., & Villarruel, A. (2017). Nurses on the front lines: Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health across health care settings: An evidence-based guide to delivering counseling and services to adolescents and parents. American Journal of Nursing, 117(1), 42. https:// doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000511566.12446.45
[44]. Martyn, K. K., Munro, M. L., Darling-Fisher, C. S., Ronis, D. L., Villarruel, A. M., Pardee, M., Fava, N. M. (2013). Patient-centered communication and health assessment with youth. Nursing Research, 62(6), 383-393. https://doi. org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000005
[45]. Mkumbo, K. A. (2012). Teachers' attitudes towards and comfort about teaching school-based sexuality education in urban and rural Tanzania. Global Journal of Health Science, 4(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v4n4p149
[46]. Pascoe, C. J. (2011). Resource and risk: Youth sexuality and new media use. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-011-0042-5
[47]. Pop, M. V., & Rusu, A. S. (2015). The role of parents in shaping and improving the sexual health of children: Lines of developing parental sexuality education programmes. Procedia–Social and Behavioral Sciences, 209, 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.210
[48]. Rana, Y., Kanik, A., Özcan, A., & Yuzer, S. (2007). Nurses' approaches towards sexuality of adolescent patients in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(4), 638- 645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01523.x
[49]. Rasjo, E., & Darj, E. (2002). Safe sex advice is good–but so difficult to follow: Views and experiences of the youth in a health centre in Kampala. Africa Health Science, 2, 107 113.
[50]. Reynolds, K. E., & Magnan, M. A. (2005). Nursing attitudes and beliefs toward human sexuality: Collaborative research promoting evidence-based practice. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 19(5), 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00002800-200509000-00009
[51]. Riley, M., Ranalli, L., Lane, J., & Sohikian, V. (2014). Adolescent centered environment toolkit. Ann Arbor, MI: The Adolescent Health Initiative - The University of Michigan Health System.
[52]. Schutte, L., Van den Borne, M., Kok, G., Meijer, S., & Mevissen, F. E. (2016). Innovatively supporting teachers' implementation of school-based sex education: Developing a web-based coaching intervention from problem to solution. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(7). https://doi.org10.2196/jmir.5058
[53]. Serrant Green, L. (2005). Breaking traditions: Sexual health and ethnicity in nursing research: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(5), 511-519. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03518.x
[54]. Svanemyr, J., Baig, Q., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2015). Scaling up of life skills-based education in Pakistan: A case study. Sex Education, 15(3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10. 1080/14681811.2014.1000454
[55]. Tebb, K. P., Sedlander, E., Pica, G., Diaz, A., Peake, K., & Brindis, C. D. (2014). Protecting adolescent confidentiality under healthcare reform: The special case of explanation of benefits (EOBs). Retrieved from http://healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/sites/healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/file s/documents/EOB%20Policy%20Brief˙FINAL.pdf
[56]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018). Adolescent development. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from http://www. nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002003.htm
[57]. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2009). The rationale for sexuality education: International technical guidance on sexuality education: An evidence-informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators (Vol. 1). Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/ITGSE _en.pdf
[58]. Ventola, C. L. (2014). Social media and health care professionals: Benefits, risks, and best practices. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39(7), 491-520.
[59]. Vidourek, R. A., Bernard, A. L., & King, K. A. (2009). Effective parent connectedness components in sexuality education interventions for African American youth: A review of the literature. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 4(3-4), 225-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15546120903408974
[60]. Wakley, G. (2011). Helping parents with sex education. Journal of Family Health care, 21(2), 30-33.
[61]. Walker, J. (2004). Parents and sex education: Looking beyond 'the birds and the bees.' Sex Education,4(3), 239- 254. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468181042000243330
[62]. Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S. M., Nesi, J., & Garrett, K. (2016). Parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sex behavior: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2731.
[63]. World Health Organization, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health. (2012). Making health services adolescent friendly: Developing national quality standards for adolescent friendly health services. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/ 75217/1/9789241503594˙eng.pdf
[64]. World Health Organization. (2000). Sexual and reproductive health: Defining sexual health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_healt h/sh_definitions/en/
[65]. World Health Organization. (2015). Health Policy. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/
[66]. Zimmerman, J. (2015). Too hot to handle: A global history of sex education. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12146