References
[1]. Appleton, J.J., Christenson, S.L., and Furlong, M. J. (2008). Student engagement with critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 369-386.
[2]. Archer, L., Dewitt, J., Osborne, J., Dillon, J., Willis, B., & Wong, B. (2010). “Doing” science versus “being” a scientist: Examining 10/11-year-old schoolchildren's constructions of science through the lens of identity. Science Education, 94, 617-639. .
[3]. Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
[4]. Bransford, J., Brown, A., & Cocking, R. (2003). How people learn: brain, mind, experience, and school.Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
[5]. Bull, P. (2009). Cognitive Constructivist Theory of Multimedia Design: A Theoretical Analysis of Instructional Design for Multimedia Learning. In G. Siemens & C. Fulford (Eds.), Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2009 (pp. 735-740). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
[6]. Bull, P. (2010). Spatial Constructivist Thinking Theory: A Framework To Address Needs of Digital Visual Learners. In Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2010 (pp. 1297-1302). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
[7]. Bull, P. H. (2012). Using Spatial Constructivist Thinking Theory to Enhance Classroom Instruction for Students with Special Needs. In Aitken, J. E., Fairley, J. P., & Carlson, J. K. (Eds.), Communication Technology for Students in Special Education and Gifted Programs. (pp. 66-81). doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-878-1.ch005.
[8]. Chen, C., & Howard, B. (2010). Effect of live simulation on middle school students' attitudes and learning toward science. Educational Technology, 13(1), 133-139.
[9]. Dix, K. (2005). Are learning technologies making a difference? A longitudinal perspective of attitudes. International Education Journal, 5(5), 15-28.
[10]. Fraser, B. (1981). Test of science-related attitudes. Victoria: Radford House.
[11]. Fredricks, J.A., Blumenfeld, P.C., Friedel, j., and Paris, A. (2005). School Engagement. In K.A. Moore and .Lippman (Eds.), What do children need to flourish?: conceptualizing and measuring indicators of positive development. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
[12]. Fredericks, J., McCloskey, W., Mell, J., Montrosse, B., Mordica, J., & Mooney, K. (2011). Measuring student engagement in upper elementary through high school: a Bandura, A. (1977) description of 21 instruments. Institute of Education Science. National Center for Education Evaluation and
Regional Assistance. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/regions/southeast/pdf/REL_ 2011098.pdf.
[13]. Gagne, R., Briggs, L. & Wagner, W. (1992).Principles of instructional design. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
[14]. Haven, B., & Vital S. (2008). Measuring Engagement: Four Steps To Making Engagement Measurement a Reality. Forrester Research, Inc. Retrieved January 20, 2012 from http://www.adobe.com/engagement/pdfs/ measuring_engagement.pdf.
[15]. Hernandez-Ramos, P., & De La Paz, S. (2009). Learning history in middle school by designing multimedia in a project-based learning experience. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 151-173.
[16]. Hsieh, P., Cho, Y., Liu, M., & Schallert, D. (2008). Examining the interplay between middle school students' achievement goals and self-efficacy in a technologyenhanced learning environment. American Secondary Education, 36(3), 33-50.
[17]. Ioannou, A., Brown, S., Hannafin, R., & Boyer, M. (2009). Can multimedia make kids care about social studies? The globaled problem-based learning simulation. Computers in the Schools, 26, 63-81.
[18]. Liao, Y. C. (1999). Effects of hypermedia on students' achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 8, 255-277.
[19]. Liu, M. (2005). The effect of a hypermedia learning environment on middle school students' motivation,attitude, and science knowledge. Computers in Schools, 22(3/4), 159-171.
[20]. Malcolm, C. & Keane, M. (2001). Working scientifically in learner-centered ways. Paper presented at the International History and Philosophy of Science and Teaching Conference, November 7-11, in Denver, Colorado.
[21]. Manning, C., Brooks, W., Crotteau, V., Diedrich, A., Moser, J., & Zwiefelhofer, A. (2011). Tech tools for teachers by teachers: Bridging teachers and students. Wisconsin English Journal, 53(1), 24-28.
[22]. Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[23]. National Research Council. (1995). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. .
[24]. National Research Council. (2011). A framework for k-12 science education: Practices, cross-cutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
[25]. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. (2004). Engaging Schools: Fostering high school students' motivation to learn. Committee on Increasing High School Students' Engagement and Motivation to Learn. Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Science and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academy Press.
[26]. Odom, A., Stoddard, E., & LaNasa, S., Teacher practices and middle-school science achievements. International Journal of Science Education, 29(11), 1329- 1346.
[27]. Osbourne, J., Simon, S., & Collins, S. (2003). Attitudes toward science: A review of the literature and its implications. International Journal of Science Education, 25(9),1049-1079.
[28]. Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2006). Results that matter: 21st century skills and high school reform. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from http://www.21st century skills.org/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=204&It emid=114.
[29]. Perkins, J. (2009). Where are the instructions? Understand more, remember better: Learning to use preziin the 21st century. Digital Pedagogies.
[30]. Perron, B., & Stearns, A. (2010). A review of apresentation technology: Prezi. Research on Social Work Practice. [30]. Prezi website. Retrieved from http://prezi.com/.
[31]. Project Tomorrow. (2011). SpeakUp 2010 national findings. Retrieved on Januar y 21, 2012 from www.netday.org/SPEAKUP/.
[32]. Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. (2011). Prezi: Trading linear presentations for conceptual learning experiences in counselor education. Council for Higher Education Pedagogy.
[33]. Shapley, K., Sheehan, D., Maloney, C., & Caranikas- Walker, F. (2011). Effects of technology immersion on middle school students' learning opportunities and achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 104(5), 299-315.
[34]. Spires, H., Lee, J., & Turner, K. (2008). Having our say: Middle grade student perspectives on school, technologies, and academic engagement. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(4), 497-515.
[35]. Stears, M. (2009). How social and critical constructivism can inform science curriculum design: A study from South Africa. Educational Research, 51(4), 397- 410.
[36]. Teoh, B., & Neo, T. (2007). Interactive multimedia learning: Students' attitudes and learning impact in an animation course. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(4).
[37]. Yazzie-Mintz, E. (2007). Voices of students on engagement: a report on the 2006 high school survey of student engagement. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, Center for Evaluation and Education Policy. Retrieved January 20, 2012 from http://www.indiana.edu /~ceep/hssse/images/HSSSE%20Overview%20Report%20 -%202006.pdf.
