Impact of Mobility on Power Consumption in RPL

Chandra Sekhar Sanaboina*, Pallamsetty Sanaboina**
* Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
** Professor, Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Periodicity:January - March'2018
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.6.4.14796

Abstract

The main theme of this paper is to implement the mobility model in Cooja simulator and to investigate the impact of the mobility on the performance of Routing Protocol over Low power Lossy networks (RPL) in the IoT environment. In the real world, mobility occurs frequently. Therefore in this paper, a frequently used mobility model - Random Way Point (RWP) is used for analysis. RWP can be readily applied to many existing applications. By default, the Cooja simulator does not support mobility models. For this, the Bonn Motion is introduced into Cooja as a plugin. As IoT deals with the resourceconstrained environment, a comparison is done between the static environment and the mobile environment in terms of power consumption. As expected, the results indicate that mobility affects the RPL in terms of Power Consumption.

Keywords

IoT, RPL, Mobility Models, Power, Resource Constrained Environment, Cooja Simulator, RWP.

How to Cite this Article?

Sanaboina, C.S., and Sanaboina, P.(2018). Impact of Mobility on Power Consumption in RPL. i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 6(4), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.6.4.14796

References

[1]. Alenazi, M., Sahin, C., & Sterbenz, J. P. (2013). Design improvement and implementation of 3d gauss-markov mobility model (No. AFFTC-PA-12430). AIR FORCE TEST CENTER EDWARDS AFB CA.
[2]. Amoussou, G., Mohanna, H., Dziong, Z., & Kadoch, M. (2005). An OpNet implementation of Gauss-Markov mobility model and integration of link prediction algorithm in DSR protocol: A cross-layer approach. In Proceedings of OPNETWORK 2005.
[3]. Aschenbruck, N., Gerhards-Padilla, E., & Martini, P. (2013). BonnMotion: A Mobility Scenario Generation and Analysis Tool. Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (51:1-- 51:10).
[4]. Ashton, K. (2009). That 'internet of things' thing. RFID Journal, 22(7), 97-114.
[5]. Bai, F., & Helmy, A. (2004). A survey of mobility models. In Wireless Adhoc Networks (Ed.) (pp.1-30).
[6]. Bai, F., Sadagopan, N., & Helmy, A. (2003, March). IMPORTANT: A framework to systematically analyze the Impact of Mobility on Performance of RouTing protocols for Adhoc NeTworks. In INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies (Vol. 2, pp. 825-835). IEEE.
[7]. Broch, J., Maltz, D. A., Johnson, D. B., Hu, Y. C., & Jetcheva, J. (1998, October). A per formance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing  protocols. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 85-97). ACM.
[8]. Camp, T., Boleng, J., & Davies, V. (2002). A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2(5), 483-502.
[9]. Davies, V. A. (2000). Evaluating mobility models within an ad hoc network (Master's thesis, Colorado School of Mines).
[10]. Delicato, F. C., Pires, P. F., & Batista, T. (2017). The Resource Management Challenge in IoT. In Resource Management for Internet of Things (pp. 7-18). Springer, Cham.
[11]. Dunkels, A., Eriksson, J., Finne, N., & Tsiftes, N. (2011). Powertrace: Network-level power profiling for low-power wireless networks. SICS Technical Report T2011:05 (p. 14).
[12]. Eriksson, J., Österlind, F., Finne, N., Tsiftes, N., Dunkels, A., Voigt, T., ... & Marrón, P. J. (2009, March). COOJA/MSPSim: Interoperability testing for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (p. 27). ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering).
[13]. Haas, Z. J. (1997, October). A new routing protocol for the reconfigurable wireless networks. In Universal Personal Communications Record, 1997. Conference Record, 1997 IEEE 6th International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 562-566). IEEE.
[14]. Herberg, U., & Clausen, T. (2011, November). A comparative performance study of the routing protocols load and rpl with bi-directional traffic in low-power and lossy networks (lln). In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (pp. 73-80). ACM.
[15]. Hu, Y. C., & Johnson, D. B. (2000, August). Caching strategies in on-demand routing protocols for wireless ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 231-242). ACM.
[16]. Johansson, P., Larsson, T., Hedman, N., Mielczarek, B., & Degermark, M. (1999, August). Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 195-206). ACM.
[17]. Kaur, C. (2012). A comprehensive view of mobility models in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. Networks, 2(3), 49- 54.
[18]. Kugler, P., Nordhus, P., & Eskofier, B. (2013, May). Shimmer, Cooja and Contiki: A new toolset for the simulation of on-node signal processing algorithms. In Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 2013 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[19]. Lamaazi, H., Benamar, N., & Jara, A. J. (2017). RPL-Based Networks in static and mobile environment: a performance assessment analysis. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 30(3), 320-333.
[20]. Liang, B., & Haas, Z. J. (1999, March). Predictive distance-based mobility management for PCS networks. In INFOCOM'99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings. IEEE (Vol. 3, pp. 1377-1384). IEEE.
[21]. Martocci, J., De Mil, P., Riou, N., & Vermeylen, W. (2010). Building automation routing requirements in lowpower and lossy networks (No. RFC 5867).
[22]. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., & Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 10(7), 1497- 1516.
[23]. Ortiz, A. M., Royo, F., Olivares, T., Castillo, J. C., Orozco-Barbosa, L., & Marron, P. J. (2013). Fuzzy-logic based routing for dense wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 52(4), 2687-2697.
[24]. Radio duty cycling. (2015). In GitHub repository. Retrieved from https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/wiki/ Radio-duty-cycling
[25]. Roy, R. R. (2010). Handbook of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for Mobility Models. Springer Science & Business Media.
[26]. Royer, E. M., Melliar-Smith, P. M., & Moser, L. E. (2001). An analysis of the optimum node density for ad hoc mobile networks. In Communications, 2001. ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on (Vol. 3, pp. 857-861). IEEE.
[27]. Sanchez, M., & Manzoni, P. (1999, January). A javabased ad hoc networks simulator. In Proceedings of the SCS Western Multiconference Web-based Simulation Track (pp. 573-583).
[28]. Tsvetkov, T., & Klein, A. (2011). RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks. In Seminar SN SS2011 (pp. 59-66).
[29]. Vasseur, J., Agarwal, N., Hui, J., Shelby, Z., Bertrand, P., & Chauvenet, C. (2011). RPL: The IP routing protocol designed for low power and lossy networks. Internet Protocol for Smart Objects (IPSO) Alliance. Retrieved from http://www.ipso-alliance.org/wp-content/media/rpl.pdf
[30]. Weiser, M. (1999). The computer for the 21st century. Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 3(3), 3-11.
[31]. Winter, T., Thubert, P., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., ... & Alexander, R. (2012). RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (No. RFC 6550).
[32]. Zhang, T., & Li, X. (2014, August). Evaluating and Analyzing the Performance of RPL in Contiki. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mobile Sensing, Computing and Communication (pp. 19-24). ACM.
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Online 15 15

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.