Has Built-In Obsolescence for Controlled Product Lifespan Influenced Attitudes towards Food Waste?

Tom Page*
*Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.
Periodicity:March - May'2018
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jmgt.12.4.14524

Abstract

New government targets show an increasing need to reduce waste in the domestic environment. These efforts however, are often met with resistance from consumers when attempting to increase voluntary participation levels and for this reason, understanding behaviours behind why certain individuals may be more inclined to participate, is often the basis of much user waste profiling.

With food waste often the focus of many academic studies, design, product innovation and technology has recently drawn its own attention in the media, creating markets for obsolescent products and subsequently increasing volumes of electrical waste without well-established facilitation for its disposal. Many different factors have been shown to shape the behaviours of consumers when disposing of items reaching their end of life and general findings indicate trends surrounding demographics; age, education, and income as indicators of willingness to participate in various recycling schemes.

With large scale production adopted in both the food and design industries, there is often speculation over whether psychological influences such as 'the social norm' may influence consumer lifestyle leading to conditioning of 'increased wastefulness'.

Through analysis of consumer buying and disposal habits and household waste behaviours, this research aims to investigate whether through lifestyles and generation norms, there is suggestion that increased awareness of obsolescence towards electrical products has become a factor in increasing food waste behaviours. Where many studies exist to analyse behaviours by product group, this research aims to look at the bigger picture in order to identify whether these product group behaviours can be linked by common factors.

Where many studies have previously publicized complications associated with unnatural participant behaviour in ethnographical studies, this paper will assess through a combination of ethnographical research, questionnaires, and user interview, whether there is a correlation between behaviours in one product group and those in another

The study concludes that although trends show younger people for whom obsolescence of products always has been the norm tended to be more wasteful concerning food, there is not enough separating evidence to determine whether obsolescence of products and their disposal has affected food behaviours or whether these behaviours exhibited are only as an indication of age, lack of knowledge, and experience.

Keywords

Built-in Obsolescence, Product Lifespan, Food Waste.

How to Cite this Article?

Page,T. (2018). Has Built-In Obsolescence for Controlled Product Lifespan Influenced Attitudes towards Food Waste? i-manager’s Journal on Management, 12(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmgt.12.4.14524

References

[1]. Adair, J. G. (1984). The Hawthorne effect: A reconsideration of the methodological artifact. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(2), 334.-345.
[2]. Barr, S. (2007). Factors influencing environmental attitudes and behaviors: A UK case study of household waste management. Environment and Behavior, 39(4), 435-473.
[3]. Barr, S., Gilg, A. W., & Ford, N. J. (2001). A conceptual framework for understanding and analysing attitudes towards household-waste management. Environment and Planning A,33(11), 2025-2048.
[4]. BBC. (2011a). Scrap food sell-by dates, government urges manufacturers. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co. uk/news/uk-14925046 [Accessed 24 February 2016].
[5]. BBC. (2011b). Clearer food labelling plan 'to bring an end to waste'. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ uk-13111033 [Accessed on 2 February 2016].
[6]. Blythman, J., (2000). Why supermarkets' love of use-by Dates leads o food waste.Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/ 04/supermarkets-use-by-dates-food-waste [Accessed on 24 February 2016].
[7]. Bruhn, C. M., & Schutz, H. G. (1999). Consumer food safety knowledge and practices. Journal of Food Safety, 19(1), 73-87.
[8]. Bruvoll, A., & Nyborg, K. (2004). The cold shiver of not giving enough: On the social cost of recycling campaigns. Land Economics, 80(4), 539-549.
[9]. Caswell, H. (2008). Britain's battle against food waste. Nutrition Bulletin, 33(4), 331-335.
[10]. Cooper, T. (2004). Inadequate life? Evidence of consumer attitudes to product obsolescence. Journal of Consumer Policy, 27(4), 421-449.
[11]. Daneshvary, N., Daneshvary, R., & Schwer, R. K. (1998). Solid-waste recycling behavior and support for curbside textile recycling. Environment and Behavior, 30(2), 144-161.
[12]. Darby, L., & Obara, L. (2005). Household recycling behaviour and attitudes towards the disposal of small electrical and electronic equipment. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 44(1), 17-35.
[13]. DEFRA (2015). Digest of Waste and Resource Statistics 2015 Edition. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/482255/Digest_of_waste_England_-_finalv3.pdf [Accessed 01 February 2016].
[14]. Domina, T., & Koch, K. (2002). Convenience and frequency of recycling: Implications for including textiles in curbside recycling programs. Environment and Behavior, 34(2), 216-238.
[15]. Environmental Protection. (2003). The End-of-Life Vehicles Regulations Act. s.l.:s.n.
[16]. Evans, D. (2011). Blaming the consumer–once again: The social and material contexts of everyday food waste practices in some English households. Critical Public Health, 21(4), 429-440.
[17]. Evans, D. (2012). Binning, gifting and recovery: The conduits of disposal in household food consumption. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 30(6), 1123-1137.
[18]. Food Standards Agency. (2011). Guidance to end confusing datelebels.Retrieved from http://tna.europarchive.org/20141204090942/http://www .food.gov.uk/news-updates/news/2011/4825/datelabels [Accessed on 29 February 2016].
[19]. Food Standards Agency. (2015). Use by and best before dates.Retrieved from http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/d ates/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed on 24 February 2016].
[20]. Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., ... & Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), 812-818.
[21]. Graham-Rowe, E., Jessop, D. C., & Sparks, P. (2014). Identifying motivations and barriers to minimising household food waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 84, 15-23.
[22]. Gregson, N., Metcalfe, A., & Crewe, L. (2007). Identity, mobility, and the throwaway society. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 25(4), 682-700.
[23]. Gunders, D. (2012). Wasted: How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill. Natural Resources Defense Council, 1-26.
[24]. Hage, O., & Söderholm, P. (2008). An econometric analysis of regional differences in household waste collection: The case of plastic packaging waste in Sweden. Waste Management, 28(10), 1720-1731.
[25]. Hetherington, K. (2004). Second handedness: consumption, disposal, and absent presence. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22(1), 157-173.
[26]. Hyde, K., Smith, A., Smith, M., & Henningsson, S. (2001). The challenge of waste minimisation in the food and drink industry: A demonstration project in East Anglia, UK. Journal of Cleaner Production, 9(1), 57-64.
[27]. Jones, M. A., Reynolds, K. E., Weun, S., & Beatty, S. E. (2003). The product-specific nature of impulse buying tendency. Journal of Business Research, 56(7), 505-511.
[28]. Kacen, J. J., & Lee, J. A. (2002). The influence of culture on consumer impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(2), 163-176.
[29]. Larsen, K. S. (1995). Environmental waste: Recycling attitudes and correlates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(1), 83-88.
[30]. Lundie, S., & Peters, G. M. (2005). Life cycle assessment of food waste management options. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(3), 275-286.
[31]. Martin, M., Williams, I. D., & Clark, M. (2006). Social, cultural and structural influences on household waste recycling: A case study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 48(4), 357-395.
[32]. Meneses, G. D., & Palacio, A. B. (2005). Recycling behavior: A multidimensional approach. Environment and Behavior, 37(6), 837-860.
[33]. Nnorom, I. C., & Osibanjo, O. (2008). Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(6), 843-858.
[34]. Quested, T. E., Parry, A. D., Easteal, S., & Swannell, R. (2011). Food and drink waste from households in the UK. Nutrition Bulletin, 36(4), 460-467.
[35]. Quested, T. E., Marsh, E., Stunell, D., & Parry, A. D. (2013). Spaghetti soup: The complex world of food waste behaviours. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 79, 43-51.
[36]. Saphores, J. D. M., Nixon, H., Ogunseitan, O. A., & Shapiro, A. A. (2006). Household willingness to recycle electronic waste: An application to California. Environment and Behavior, 38(2), 183-208.
[37]. Schultz, P. W., Oskamp, S., & Mainieri, T. (1995). Who recycles and when? A review of personal and situational factors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(2), 105- 121.
[38]. Sidique, S. F., Joshi, S. V., & Lupi, F. (2010a). Factors influencing the rate of recycling: An analysis of Minnesota counties. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(4), 242-249.
[39]. Sidique, S. F., Lupi, F., & Joshi, S. V. (2010b). The effects of behavior and attitudes on drop-off recycling activities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(3), 163-170.
[40]. Stefan, V., van Herpen, E., Tudoran, A. A., & Lahteenmaki, L. (2013). Avoiding food waste by Romanian consumers: The importance of planning and shopping routines. Food Quality and Preference, 28(1), 375-381.
[41]. Terpstra, M. J., Steenbekkers, L. P. A., De Maertelaere, N. C. M., & Nijhuis, S. (2005). Food storage and disposal: Consumer practices and knowledge. British Food Journal, 107(7), 526-533.
[42]. The Guardian. (2012). Sweet charity: Why secondhand clothes shops are thriving. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2012/mar/28/charity-shops-thrive-during-recession [Accessed 02 February 2016].
[43]. Timlett, R. E., & Williams, I. D. (2008). Public participation and recycling performance in England: A comparison of tools for behaviour change. Resources, Conservation and Recycling,52(4), 622-634.
[44]. Tonglet, M., Phillips, P. S., & Read, A. D. (2004). Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour: A case study from Brixworth, UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 41(3), 191-214.
[45]. Trentmann, F. (2004). Beyond consumerism: New historical perspectives on consumption. Journal of Contemporary History, 39(3), 373-401.
[46]. Ture, M. (2014). Value-in-disposition: Exploring how consumers derive value from disposition of possessions. Marketing Theory, 14(1), 53-72.
[47]. Vining, J., & Ebreo, A. (1990). What makes a recycler? A comparison of recyclers and nonrecyclers. Environment and Behavior, 22(1), 55-73.
[48]. Vining, J., & Ebreo, A. (1992). Predicting recycling behavior from global and specific environmental attitudes and changes in recycling opportunities. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(20), 1580-1607.
[49]. Watson, M., & Meah, A. (2012). Food, waste and safety: Negotiating conflicting social anxieties into the practices of domestic provisioning. The Sociological Review, 60(S2), 102-120.
[50]. Weinberg, P., & Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research,10(1), 43-57.
[51]. Wickström, G., & Bendix, T. (2000). The Hawthorne effect what did the original Hawthorne studies actually show? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 363-367.
[52]. Wilson, C. D. H., & Williams, I. D. (2007). Kerbside collection: A case study from the north-west of England. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(2), 381-394.
[53]. WRAP. (2009). Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK. WRAP: Banbury.
[54]. WRAP. (2011). Consumer Insight: Date Labels and Storage Guidance. Retreived from http://www.wrap.org. uk/sites/files/wrap/Technical%20report%20dates.pdf [Accessed 29 February 2016].
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Online 15 15

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.