References
[1]. Artinian, N. T., Magnan, M., Sloan, M., & Lange, M. P. (2002). Self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 31(3), 161-172.
[2]. McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Böhm, M. et al. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 Journal of European Heart Failure, 14(8), 803-869.
[3]. Braunstein, J. B., Anderson, G. F., Gerstenblith, G., Weller, W., Niefeld, M., Herbert, R., & Wu, A. W. (2003). Noncardiac comorbidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(7), 1226-1233.
[4]. Carlson, B., Riegel, B., & Moser, D. K. (2001). Self-care abilities of patients with heart failure. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 30(5), 351-359.
[5]. Clark, A. M., Spaling, M., Harkness, K., Spiers, J., Strachan, P. H., Thompson, D. R., & Currie, K. (2014). Determinants of effective heart failure self-care: A systematic review of patients' and caregivers' perceptions. Heart, 100(9), 716-721.
[6]. Dickson, V. V., Deatrick, J. A., & Riegel, B. (2008). A typology of heart failure self-care management in nonelders. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 7(3), 171-181.
[7]. Heo, S., Lennie, T. A., Okoli, C., & Moser, D. K. (2009). Quality of life in patients with heart failure: ask the patients. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 38(2), 100-108.
[8]. Jaarsma, T., Årestedt, K. F., Mårtensson, J., Dracup, K., & Strömberg, A. (2009). The European Heart Failure Self- Care Behaviour scale revised into a nine-item scale (EHFScB-9): a reliable and valid international instrument. European Journal of Heart Failure, 11(1), 99-105.
[9]. Jaarsma, T., Strömberg, A., Gal, T. B., Cameron, J., Driscoll, A., Duengen, H. D., ... & Köberich, S. (2013). Comparison of self-care behaviors of heart failure patients in 15 countries worldwide. Patient Education and Counseling, 92(1), 114-120.
[10]. Jaarsma, T., Strömberg, A., Mårtensson, J., & Dracup, K. (2003). Development and testing of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. European Journal of Heart Failure, 5(3), 363-370.
[11]. Jessup, M., Abraham, W. T., Casey, D. E., Feldman, A. M., Francis, G. S., Ganiats, T. G., ... & Stevenson, L. W. (2009). 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation, 119(14), 1977-2016.
[12]. Kato, N., Kinugawa, K., Ito, N., Yao, A., Watanabe, M., Imai, Y., ... & Kazuma, K. (2009). Adherence to self-care behavior and factors related to this behavior among patients with heart failure in Japan. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 38(5), 398-409.
[13]. Köberich, S., Glattacker, M., Jaarsma, T., Lohrmann, C., & Dassen, T. (2013). Validity and reliability of the German version of the 9-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 12(2), 150-158.
[14]. Krumholz, H. M., Chen, Y. T., Wang, Y., Vaccarino, V., Radford, M. J., & Horwitz, R. I. (2000). Predictors of readmission among elderly survivors of admission with heart failure. American Heart Journal, 139(1), 72-77.
[15]. Mann, C. J. (2003). Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and casecontrol studies. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20(1), 54- 60.
[16]. Morse, J. M., Niehaus, L. (2009). Mixed-method Design: Principles and Procedures. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
[17]. O'Connor, C. M. (2017). High Heart Failure Readmission Rates: Is It the Health System's Fault? JACC: Heart Failure, 5(5), 393.
[18]. Orem, D. E. (1985). A concept of self-care for the rehabilitation client. Rehabilitation Nursing, 10(3), 33-36.
[19]. Riegel, B., & Carlson, B. (2002). Facilitators and barriers to heart failure self-care. Patient Education and Counseling, 46(4), 287-295.
[20]. Riegel, B., Lee, C. S., Dickson, V. V., & Carlson, B. (2009). An update on the self-care of heart failure index. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 24(6), 485-497.
[21]. Shao, J. H., Chang, A. M., Edwards, H., Shyu, Y. I. L., & Chen, S. H. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of selfmanagement programme improves health-related outcomes of older people with heart failure. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(11), 2458-2469.
[22]. Stewart, S., MacIntyre, K., Hole, D. J., Capewell, S., & McMurray, J. J. (2001). More 'malignant' than cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure, 3(3), 315-322.
[23]. van der Wal, M. H., Jaarsma, T., Moser, D. K., Veeger, N. J., van Gilst, W. H., & van Veldhuisen, D. J. (2006). Compliance in heart failure patients: The importance of knowledge and beliefs. European Heart Journal, 27(4), 434-440.
[24]. van der Wal, M. H., Jaarsma, T., Moser, D. K., van Gilst, W. H., & van Veldhuisen, D. J. (2010). Qualitative examination of compliance in heart failure patients in The Netherlands. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 39(2), 121-130.
[25]. Wal, M. H., Jaarsma, T., & Veldhuisen, D. J. (2005). Non-compliance in patients with heart failure; how can we manage it? European Journal of Heart Failure, 7(1), 5-17.
[26]. Woda, A., Belknap, R. A., Haglund, K., Sebern, M., & Lawrence, A. (2015). Factors influencing self-care behaviors of African Americans with heart failure: A photovoice project. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 44(1), 33-38.
[27]. Ziaeian, B., & Fonarow, G. C. (2016). The prevention of hospital readmissions in heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 58(4), 379-385.