Renaissance Leaders Global Trends and Emerging Forms of Leadership

Christopher C. Kim*, Jay M. Hays**
*,** The Australian National University
Periodicity:December - February'2010
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jmgt.4.3.1101

Abstract

Conventional leaders and leadership of the past are insufficient to meet the demands of the 21st Century. As we enter the new millennium, our world is characterised by unprecedented complexity, paradox, and unpredictability. Change is rapid and relentless. Today’s leaders face demands unlike any ever before faced. Standard leadership approaches that have served us well throughout much of history are quickly becoming liabilities. Conventional wisdom regarding leadership and many of its habits must be unlearned. The strong, decisive, charismatic, and independent leader and leadership we have idealised, strived to be, depended upon, and longed for may prove counter-productive in the new millennium and undermine a sustainable future. The challenges and opportunities of the 21st Century call for a new type of leader and leadership, indeed an entirely new and different way of thinking about leadership and of developing future leaders. This paper explores the nature of the nascent millennium and the leader and leadership qualities and capabilities expected to be crucial in the uncertain decades ahead. Eight general categories of leadership attributes have been identified as essential for the future. Those who possess or are developing these competence sets are Renaissance Leaders—individuals who are different and make a difference. A significant gap remains between current leadership competencies and those needed in the future. Implications of this gap are discussed. One important finding is that leadership development programs in industry and higher education have yet to refocus to produce the kind of leaders needed. Suggestions for reform are offered.

Keywords

21st Century Leadership, Emergent Leadership,Global Trends, New Millennium, Leadership Development, Leadership Competencies.

How to Cite this Article?

Christopher C. Kim and Jay M. Hays (2010). Renaissance Leaders Global Trends and Emerging Forms of Leadership. i-manager’s Journal on Management, 4(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmgt.4.3.1101

References

[1]. Abshire, D. (2007). Trustworthy leaders. Leadership Excellence, Vol. 24, No. 4, p. 20.
[2]. Adler, H. (2007). Key leadership characteristics. Leadership Excellence, Vol. 24, No. 12, p. 5.
[3]. Akgün, A., Lynn, G., and J. Byrne. (2003). Organizational learning: a socio-cognitive approach. Human Relations, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp. 839–868.
[4]. Akgün, A., Byrne, J., Lynn, G., and H. Keskin. (2007). Organizational unlearning as changes in beliefs and routines in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 794–812.
[5]. Alexander, J. (2006). The challenge of complexity. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 85 – 94. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[6]. Allio, R. (2005). Leadership development: teaching versus learning. Management Decision, Vol. 43, No. 7/8, pp. 1071–1077.
[7]. Bailey, D. (2006). Leading from the spirit. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 297 – 302. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[8]. Baker, S. and D. Gerlowski. (2007). Team effectiveness and leader-follower agreement: an empirical study. Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 15–23.
[9]. Barendsen, L. and H. Gardner. (2006). The three elements of good leadership in rapidly changing times. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 265–280. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[10]. Beaubien, J. (1998). Leadership evolution. Executive Excellence, Vol. 15, Is. 5, p. 12.
[11]. Beddowes, P. (1994). Reinventing management development. Journal of Management Development, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 40–46.
[12]. Bell, A. (2007). Using vision to shape the future. Leader to Leader, Vol. 45, pp. 17–21.
[13]. Bennis, W. (2003). On Becoming a Leader (Revised Edition). Cambridge: Basic Books.
[14]. Bezzina, C. (2000). Educational leadership for twenty-first century Malta: breaking the bonds of dependency. International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 299.
[15]. Bjugstad, K., Thach, E., Thompson, K., and A. Morris. (2006). A fresh look at followership: a model for matching followership and leadership styles. Behavioral and Applied Management, pp. 304–319.
[16]. Blanchard, K. (2000). Leadership by the book. Executive Excellence, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 4.
[17]. Blanchard, K. and D. Carey. (2006). Regaining public trust: a leadership challenge. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 153–164. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[18]. Blanchard, K. and M. Miller. (2007). The higher plane of leadership. Leader to Leader, Vol. 27, No. 46, pp. 25–30.
[19]. Boddie, W., Contardo, J. and R. Childs. (2007). The future workforce: here they come. Public Manager, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 25–28.
[20]. Boyatzis, R. and P. McLeod. (2001). Our educational bottom line: developing the whole person. Journal of Management Education, Vol.25, No.2, pp. 118–123.
[21]. Brooks, D. and L. Brooks. (2005). Ten secrets of successful leaders: the strategies, skills and knowledge leaders at every level need to succeed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[22]. Brown, L. and B. Posner. (2001). Exploring the relationship between learning and leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 274–280.
[23]. Bryman, A. (2007). Effective leadership in higher education: a literature review. Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 693–710.
[24]. Cegarra, J. and B. Rodrigo Moya. (2005). Business performance Management and unlearning process. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 161–170.
[25]. Centron, M. and O. Davis. (2008). Trends shaping tomorrow's world: forecasts and implications for business, governments, and consumers (Part One and Two). The Futurist, pp. 35–52.
[26]. Cober, R., Hacker, S., and C. Johnson. (1998). Spiritual leadership and vision alignment. ASQ's AnnualQuality Congress Proceedings, pp. 917–923.
[27]. Connaughton, S., Lawrence, F., and B. Ruben. (2003). Leadership development as a systematic and multidisciplinary enterprise. Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 46–51.
[28]. Cooper, C., Scandura, T., and C. Schriesheim. (2005). Looking forward but learning from our past: potential challenges to developing authentic leadership theory and authentic leaders. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 16, pp. 475–493.
[29]. Covey, S. (2006). Leading in the knowledge worker age, In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 215–225. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[30]. Davenport, T. (2001). Knowledge work and the future of management, In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp.41–58. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[31]. Day, G. and P. Schoemaker. (2008). Are you a 'vigilant leader'? Sloan Management Review, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 43–51.
[32]. Doyle, M. (2000). Managing development in an era of radical change: evolving a relational perspective. Journal of Management Development, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 579–601.
[33]. Driscoll, C. and M. McKee. (2007). Restorying a culture of ethical and spiritual values: a role for leader storytelling. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 73, pp. 205–217.
[34]. Eddy, P. and K. VanDerLinden. (2006). Emerging definitions of leadership in higher education: new visions of leadership or same old “hero” leader? Community College Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 5–26.
[35]. Fairholm, G. (1996). Spiritual leadership: fulfilling whole-self needs at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 17, No. 5, p. 11.
[36]. Fisher, J. (2004). Servant leadership: begin with the what and why. Executive Excellence, Vol. 21, Is. 5, pp. 15–16.
[37]. Freiberg, K. and J. Freiberg. (2004). How gutsy leaders blow the doors off business-as-usual. Leader to Leader, Vol. 33, pp. 32–37.
[38]. Frohman, D. and R. Howard. (2008). Leadership the Hard Way: Why Leadership can't be Taught; How You can Learn it Anyway. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[39]. Gabel, M. and J. Walker. (2006). The anticipatory leader: Buckminster Fuller's principles for making the world work. The Futurist, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 39–44.
[40]. Gardner, H. (2007). Five Minds for the Future. Boston: Harvard Business School Press
[41]. Gardner, W., Avolio, B., Luthans, F., May, D., and F. Walumbwa. (2005). Can you see the real me? a selfbased model of authentic leader and follower development. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 16, pp.343–372.
[42]. Ghani, U. (2006). The leader integrator: an emerging role. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 241–250. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[43]. Glaser, J. (2006). The DNA of Leadership: Leverage your Instincts to Communicate, Differentiate, Innovate. Avon: Platinum.
[44]. Glaser, J., and M. Pilnick. (2005). Leadership models: these set corporate fashion. Leadership Excellence, Vol. 22, Is. 3, pp. 4–5.
[45]. Goldsmith, M. (2006). Leading new age professionals. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 165–172. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[46]. Graetz, F. (2002). Strategic thinking versus strategic planning: towards understanding the complementarities. Management Decision, Vol. 40, No. 5/6, pp. 456–462.
[47]. Greenberg-Walt, C. and A. Robertson. (2001). The evolving role of executive leadership. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 139–157. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
[48]. Hankin, H. (2005). The New Workforce: Five Sweeping Trends that will Shape your Company's Future. New York: AMACOM.
[49]. Hartman, N., Conklin, T., and J. Smith. (2007). What leaders say versus what academics write: the relevance of leadership theory. SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 32–33.
[50]. Hays, J. (2007). Dynamics of organizational wisdom. Business Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 2, Is. 4, pp. 77–122.
[51]. Hays, J. (2008). Teacher as servant: applications of Greenleaf's servant leadership in higher education. Journal of Global Business Issues, Vol. 2, Is. 1, pp. 113–134
[52]. Hays, J. (2010). The ecology of wisdom. Management & Marketing, Vol. 1.
[53]. Headington, E. (2001). Seeking a newer world. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 226–237. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[54]. Heifetz, R. (2006). Anchoring leadership in the work of adaptive progress. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 73–84. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[55]. Helgesen, S. (2006). Challenges for leaders in the years ahead. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 183–190. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[56]. Hernez-Broome, G. and R. Hughes. (2004). Leadership development: past, present, and future. Human Resource Planning, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 24–32.
[57]. Higgs, M. (2003). How can we make sense of leadership in the 21st century? Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 24, No. 5/6, pp. 273–284.
[58]. Hinterhuber, H. (1996). Oriental wisdom and western leadership. The International Executive, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 287–302.
[59]. Huber, N. (2003). An experiential leadership approach for teaching tolerance for ambiguity. Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 52–55.
[60]. Johansen, B. (2009). Leaders Make the Future: Ten New Leadership Skills for an Uncertain World. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
[61]. Kakabadse, A., Kakabadse, N., and L. Lee-Davies. (2008). Leading for Success: the Seven Sides to Great Leaders. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
[62]. Kanungo, R. (1998). Leadership in organizations: looking ahead to the 21st Century. Canadian Psychology, Vol. 39, No. 1/2, pp. 71–82.
[63]. Kouzes, J. and B. Posner. (2001). Bringing leadership lessons from the past into the future. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 81–90. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[64]. Kouzes, J. and B. Posner. (2006). It's not just the leader's vision. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 207–212. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[65]. Kuczmarski, S. and T. Kuczmarski. (2007). Apples are Square: Thinking Differently about Leadership. New York: Kaplan Publishing.
[66]. Lawler, E. (2001). The era of human capital has finally arrived. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp.14–25. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[67]. Lorenzi, P. (2004). Managing for the common good: prosocial leadership. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 282–291.
[68]. Love, C. (2005). Using both head and heart for effective leadership. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 17–19.
[69]. Maciariello, J. (2006). Peter F. Drucker on executive leadership and effectiveness. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 3–27. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[70]. Mamaghani, F. (2006). Impact of information technology on the workforce of the future: an analysis. International Journal of Management, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 845–943.
[71]. Markow, F. and K. Klenke. (2005). The effects of personal meaning and calling on organizational commitment: an empirical investigation of spiritual leadership. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 8–27.
[72]. Marston, C. (2007). Motivating the "What's in it for Me?" Workforce: Managing across the Generational Divide and Increase Profit. New Jersey: Wiley.
[73]. Martin, A. (2007). The future of leadership: where do we go from here? Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 3–8.
[74]. Matathia, I. and M. Salzman. (1998). NEXT: Trends for the Future. Sydney: Macmillan.
[75]. Maxwell, J. (2008). Leadership Gold: Lessons Learned from a Lifetime of Leading. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[76]. McCormick, B. and D. Davenport. (2004). Leader as shepherd. Executive Excellence, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 6.
[77]. Montuori, L. (2000). Organizational longevity: integrating systems thinking, learning and conceptual complexity. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 61–73
[78]. Morrison, J., Rha, J., and A. Helfman. (2003). Learning awareness, student engagement, and change: a transformation in leadership development. Journal of Education for Business, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 11–17.
[79]. Nixon, B. (2003). Leading business transformation – learning by doing. Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 163–167.
[80]. Pernick, R. (2001). Creating a leadership development program: nine essential tasks. Public Personnel Management, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 429–444.
[81]. Raelin, K. (2006). Finding meaning in the organization. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 64–68.
[82]. Rao, S. (2006). Tomorrow's leader. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 173–182. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[83]. Ready, D. and J. Conger. (2003). Why leadership efforts fail. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp 83–88.
[84]. Rosenau, J. (2004). Followership and discretion: assessing the dynamics of modern leadership. Harvard International Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 14–17.
[85]. Sarros, J. (2003). The heart and soul of leadership: the personal journey. In The Heart and Soul of Leadership (Ch. 1; pp. 6–21). North Ryde: McGraw-Hill.
[86]. Scharmer, C. (2008). Uncovering the blind spot of leadership. Leader to Leader, Vol. 2008, No. 47, pp. 52–59.
[87]. Schwandt, D. (2005). When managers become philosophers: integrating learning with sensemaking Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 176–192.
[88]. Senge, P. (2006). Systems citizenship: the leadership mandate for this millennium. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 31–46. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[89]. Shefy, E. and E. Sadler-Smith. (2006). Applying holistic principles in management development. Journal of Management Development, Vol. 25, No. 3/4, pp. 368–385.
[90]. Sinkula, J. (2002). Market-based success, organizational routines, and unlearning. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 253–269.
[91]. Slater, P. (2001). Leading yourself. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 103–115. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
[92]. Spendlove, M. (2007). Competencies for effective leadership in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 407–417.
[93]. Spreitzer, M. and T. Cummings. (2001). The leadership challenges of the next generation. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top Leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 241–253. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
[94]. Stallard, M. and J. Pankau. (2008). Strengthening human value in organizational cultures. Leader to Leader, Vol. 2008, Is. 47, pp. 18–23.
[95]. Teo-Dixon, G. and N. Monin. (2007). Guru of gurus: Peter Drucker, logology, and the ultimate leader. Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol.16, No.1, 2007, pp. 6–17.
[96]. Thomas, R. (2006). Diversity management: an essential craft for future leaders. In Hesselbein, F. and M. Goldsmith (Eds.), The Leader of the Future 2: Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, pp. 47–60. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[97]. Thomas, R. (2008). Crucibles of leadership development. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 49, No. 3, 15–18.
[98]. Townsend, P. (2002). Fitting teamwork into the grand scheme of things. Journal for Quality and Participation, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp 16–18.
[99]. Townsend, A., DeMarie, S., and A. Hendrickson. (1998). Virtual teams: technology and the workplace of the future. The Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 17–29.
[100]. Townsend, P. and J. Gebhardt. (2003). The leadership-teamship-followership continuum. Leader to Leader, Vol. 29, pp. 18–21.
[101]. Tulgan, B. (2004). Trends point to a dramatic generational shift in the future workplace. Employment Relations Today, Vol. 30, Is. 4, 2004, pp. 23–31.
[102]. Ulrich, D., Smallwood, N., and K. Sweetman.(2008). The New Leadership Code: Five Rules to Lead by. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
[103]. van Opstal, D. (1998). The new competitive landscape. Issues in Science and Technology, Vol.15, No. 2, pp. 47–54.
[104]. Weick, K. (2001). Leadership as the legitimation of doubt. In Bennis, G., Spreitzer, M., and T. Cummings (Eds.), The Future of Leadership: Today's Top leadership Thinkers Speak to Tomorrow's Leaders, pp. 91–102. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
[105]. Weiss, D. and V. Molinaro. (2006). Integrated leadership development. Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 3–11.
[106]. Wheatley, M. (2004). Servant leaders: what has to change now? Executive Excellence, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 15–16.
[107]. Whyte, D. (2004). Five conversations on the frontiers of leadership. Leader to Leader, Vol. 33, pp. 20–24.
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Online 15 15

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.