Efficacy Expectations and Adherence: Evidence of Consumer Biases and Heuristics in Pharmaceutical Marketing
Onychomycosis: A Updated Review
Drug withdrawal from the market: causes and consequences
Pharmacognosy and its history: people,plants and Natural products
An overview of Indian Medical Device Rules and Medical device Regulation 2017/745
Efficacy Expectations and Adherence: Evidence of Consumer Biases and Heuristics in Pharmaceutical Marketing
Onychomycosis: A Updated Review
Advertising and Marketing within the Pharmaceutical industry: Navigating ethical and regulatory-demanding situations
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Proactive Drug Information Training for Pharmacy Students in a Teaching Hospital
Drug withdrawal from the market: causes and consequences
A Review on Rotavirus Infection
A Review Based on the Synthesis of Isoniazid Derivatives and their Pharmacological Activities
Overview and Role of Pharmacist in the Management of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Clinical Understanding, Management Approaches and Epidemiological Perspectives
Efficacy Expectations and Adherence: Evidence of Consumer Biases and Heuristics in Pharmaceutical Marketing
Pharmaceutical marketing plays an important role in forming service perceptions and attitudes concerning medication efficiency and devotion. This paper examines the influence of consumer biases and heuristics on efficiency beliefs and medication devotion in the context of pharmaceutical marketing game plans. Drawing on subjective theories of accountability, concerned with the manner of behaving economics, and marketing research, this study synthesizes existent evidence to illuminate by what method intelligent biases and heuristics impact service attitudes and demeanor towards drug products. The study labels several key biases and heuristics prevailing in pharmaceutical marketing, including holding, chance heuristics, ratification bias, and friendly proof. These biases frequently lead users to exaggerate medication productivity through limited news, informal evidence, or persuasive shopping ideas. Consequently, buyers may exhibit taller beliefs of medication influence than authorized, potentially superior to non-devotion or dissatisfaction accompanying situational effects. Moreover, pharmaceutical marketing tactics, such as celebrity endorsements, emotional appeals, and framing effects, exploit these biases to influence consumer perceptions and drive sales. However, while these strategies may initially boost medication uptake, they can also contribute to unrealistic efficacy expectations and suboptimal adherence in the long term. Understanding the interaction between consumer biases, heuristics, and pharmaceutical marketing is critical for developing interventions to advance informed accountability and enhance medication devotion. By combining concern with manner of behaving insights into marketing campaigns and patient instruction initiatives, shareholders can diminish the impact of biases, enhance cure education, and promote more rational cure-connected decision-making between customers.
Onychomycosis is a long-term fungal infection (usually not painful) of the nails and fingernails. It can affect the quality of life of a patient by interfering with their footwear. It can affect as many as 30% of people by the age of 60. In over 99% of the cases, dermatophytes are the cause of the infection. The most common types of dermatophytes in onychomycosis are the rubrum fungus and the mentophyte fungus. Each of these four clinical types (as defined by the way the fungal invasion occurs) has a distinctive appearance, although other diseases (especially psoriasis) may also have a distinctive appearance. Pharmacological treatment has been poor in the past. The first FDA-approved oral agent, Griseofulvin, must be dosed for at least one year to be effective. Low cure rates are linked to poor bioavailability and the drug is fungistatic rather than fungicidal. Newer agents promise to dramatically increase cure rates while decreasing treatment durations. Appropriate management includes confirmation fungal infections (PKG slides) and culture. Oral terbinofine is potent fungicide against dermatophyte and has been shown to be effective with short dosing regimens up to 12 weeks when nail involvement is not 100%.
The withdrawal of drugs from the market can happen for various reasons, including security concerns, lack of productivity, or commercial concerns. When a drug is remote, it can have important consequences for subjects, healthcare providers, drug associations, and regulatory instrumentalities. One of the basic causes of drug retraction is safety issues. Adverse backlashes, containing harsh side effects or surprising obstacles, may arise subsequently after a drug has been approved and retailed. For example, if a drug is established to increase the risk of heart attacks or strokes, supervisory instrumentalities grant permission to retract it from the market to assure public health. Another reason for retraction is the finding of lack of efficiency. If further studies reveal that a drug does not specify the engaged healing benefits or if superior alternatives perform, drug guests may willingly retract the product or regulatory instrumentalities may concede the possibility of its eviction.
Pharmacognosy, an integrative learning approach encompassing phytology, allure, pharmacology, and cure, focuses on the study of curative substances that arise from the organic beginnings of plants. This field explores the record, labeling, help, extraction, and judgment of bioactive compounds present in plants and added-to-everyday crops. The evolution of pharmacognosy may be traced back to old civilizations, when medicinal plants were widely used for healing purposes. Throughout the record, various educations have recorded their information on medicinal plants, concreting the habit for the description of pharmacognosy as an experimental discipline. The study of pharmacognosy includes a deep understanding of plant plants, phytochemistry, and pharmacological possessions. Researchers in this field seek to recognize and sequester bioactive compounds from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, that exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. These unaffected productions serve as support for the development of up-to-date pharmaceuticals containing drugs for treating differing afflictions and environments.
Today, millions of patients depend on medical device-based treatment for the management and diagnosis of diseases. The quality and safety of the device depend upon the regulatory guidelines. Therefore, a law containing adequate guidelines of rules and regulations is required for monitoring the entry of such devices into the use of public health. The regulations define requirements for medical device design, development, and manufacture/import to ensure that products reaching the market are safe and effective. In India, the regulatory body CDSCO is governing for regulation of the medical devices, which, with time, amendments introduced in the medical device rules in 2017 will be adhered to by the manufacturer/importer before product entry to the market. In, Europe union the regulatory body European Medicines Agency and national bodies, require compliance with the medical device regulation 2017/745 will be adhered to by the manufacturer/importer before product entry to the market. The purpose of this review article is to present an overview process of the regulatory requirement in India and Europe.
