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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

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Volume 10 Issue 3 January - March 2017

Research Paper

A Variable Step-Size MPPT Control Method ForPhotovoltaic Water Pumping System

Amine Daoud*

Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology, Oran, Algeria

Daoud, A. (2017). A Variable Step-Size MPPT Control Method for Photovoltaic Water Pumping System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.12410

Abstract

In this paper, an improved variable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system is proposed. This method consists on a modified single-voltage-sensor based MPPT algorithm, which is used to fine tune the duty cycle of a DC/DC converter in order to avoid divergences of the MPP under varying irradiance levels. Furthermore, using this technique, only the output voltage of a power converter needs to be sensed in order to find and track the MPP. To investigate the performance of the proposed MPPT method, a PV system that includes solar array, DC/DC buck converter, DC motor-pump, and MPPT control system is considered and simulated on MATLAB platform. The proposed variable step-size method is compared to perturbation and observation classical method with fixed step-size. The simulation results are given and discussed for validation.

References

[1]. D.H. Muhsen, T. Khatib, and F. Nagi, (2017). “A review of photovoltaic water pumping system designing methods, control strategies and field performance”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 68, pp. 70-86.

[2]. A. Daoud, (2016). “A new Maximum Power Point Tracking control technique of solar photovoltaic water pumping system”. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, Vol. 9 , No. 4, pp. 1-11.

[3]. G. Walker, (2001). “Evaluating MPPT converter topologies using a MATLAB PV model”. Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 49-55.

[4]. A. Bellini, S. Bifaretti, V. Iacovone, and C. Cornaro, (2009). “Simplified model of a photovoltaic module”. International Conference 2009 on Applied Electronics, Pilsen, pp. 47-52.

[5]. D. Fewson, (1998). Introduction to Power Electronics. Arnold Publishers.

[6]. A. Belkaid, I. Colak, and O. Isik, (2016). “Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking under fast varying of solar radiation”. Applied Energy, Vol. 179, pp. 523-530.

[7]. F. Zhang, J. Maddy, G. Premier, and A. Guwy, (2015). “Novel current sensing photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking based on sliding mode control strategy”. Solar Energy, Vol. 118, pp. 80-86.

[8]. M.A. Enany, M.A. Farahat, and A. Nasr, (2016). “Modeling and evaluation of main Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms for photovoltaics systems”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 58, pp. 1578-1586.

[9]. N. Femia, G. Petrone, and G. Spagnuolo, (2012). Power Electronics and Control Techniques for Maximum Energy Harvesting in Photovoltaic Systems. CRC Press.

[10]. J. Ahmed, and Z. Salam, (2015). “An improved Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for higher efficiency”. Applied Energy, Vol. 150, pp. 97-108.

[11]. S. Lyden, and M.E. Haque, (2015). “Maximum Power Point Tracking techniques for photovoltaic systems: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 52, pp.1504-1518.

[12]. Y.P. Huang, and S.Y. Hsu, (2016). “A performance evaluation model of a high concentration photovoltaic module with fractional open circuit voltage-based Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm”. Computers and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 51, pp. 331–342.

[13]. J. Zhao, X. Zhou, Y. Ma, and W. Liu, (2015). “A novel Maximum Power Point Tracking strategy based on optimal voltage control for photovoltaic systems under variable environmental conditions”. Solar Energy, Vol. 122, pp. 640-649.

[14]. P.C. Chen, P.Y. Chen, Y.H. Liu, J.H. Chen, and Y.F. Luo, (2015). “A comparative study on maximum power point techniques for photovoltaic generation systems operating under fast changing environments”. Solar Energy, Vol. 119, pp. 261-276.

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Research Paper

Controlling Power Oscillations in Real and Reactive Power Using Symmetrical Hybrid PFC (Power Flow Controller)

A. GayathriReddy* , Raja Reddy Duvvuru, V. Ganesh*

* PG Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, JNTU University, Anantapur, A.P, India.

Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, JNTU University, Anantapur, A.P, India.

* Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula,JNTU University Anantapur, A.P, India.

Reddy, A. G., Duvvuru, R. R., and Ganesh, V. (2017). Controlling Power Oscillations in Real and Reactive Power Using Symmetrical Hybrid PFC (Power Flow Controller). i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13410

Abstract

The demand for electricity has been growing day by day. To satisfy the demand, new power stations are being established and are interconnected to the grid, due to which the transmission lines become overloaded. Therefore, it is very essential to control the power flow in the upcoming grids. To fulfil the requirements, FACTS devices are employed. Among all the devices, Unified PFC is one of the main adaptable FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) controllers, because it offers finest performance characteristics. However, due to its configuration UPFC is treated as the most expensive controller. A new and cost effectual voltage source converter based FACTS converter has been proposed in this paper, which uses mostly, the existing inactive components and are consequently considered as hybrid in nature. Due to the usage of inactive components, HPFC is termed as symmetrical Hybrid PFC. The three dissimilar HPFC (Hybrid Power Flow Controller) configurations are employed on a two-machine system and they are designed in Matlab/Simulink. By comparing the results, it can be proved that HPFC is one of the most superior options for eliminating the power oscillations and thereby improving the power system stability.

References

[1]. Paserba J.J., (2003). “How FACTS controllers benefit AC transmis-sion systems”. In Proc. 2003 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Denver, Co, Vol. 3, pp. 949-956.

[2]. Glanzmann G., (2005). “FACTS-Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems”. EEH Power Systems Laboratory, Technical Report, ETH Zurich.

[3]. J.Z. Bebic, P.W. Lehn, and M.R. Iravani, (2006). “The Hybrid Power Flow Controller -A new concept for flexible AC transmission”. In Proc. 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 1-7.

[4]. S.A.N. Niaki and M.R. Iravani, (1996). “Steady-state and dynamic modelling of unified power flow controller (UPFC) for power system studies”. IEEE Trans Power Syst., Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1937–1943.

[5]. Raja Reddy Duvvuru, V. Ganesh, and B. Venkata Prasanth, (2016). “A Novel Approach for reducing the Power Oscillations in Transmission System by using Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC)”. IJCTA, Vol. 9, No. 14, pp. 6721-6730.

[6]. H. Norouzi, and A.M. Sharaf, (2005). “Two control schemes to enhance the dynamic performance of the STATCOM and SSSC”. IEEE Trans.Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 435-442.

[7]. Claudio A. Canizares, and Zeno T. Faur, (1999). “Analysis of SVC and TCSC Controllers in Voltage Collapse”. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 158-165.

[8]. Lini Mathew, and S. Chatterji, (2014). “Modeling and simulation of Hybrid Power Flow Controller implemented on SMIB system”. In Proc. 46^th IEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Washington State University, Pullman, USA.

[9]. Singh, Bindeshwar, et al. (2012). “Introduction to FACTS controllers: A technological literature survey”. International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 193-234.

[10]. Lini Mathew, and S. Chatterji, (2012). “Transient Stability Analysis of Multi-Machine System Equipped with Hybrid Power Flow Controller”. International Journal of Computational Engineering and Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 1- 10.

[11]. Patel R., Bhatti T.S., and Kothari D.P., (2002). “MATLAB/Simulink-based transient stability analysis of a multi-machine power system”. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 320- 336.

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Research Paper

Wavelet-Fuzzy Based Digital Protection Scheme Of Four terminal Transmission System In The Presence Of UPFC

J. Uday Bhaskar* , G.Ravi kumar, S. S. Tulasi Ram*

* Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, DMSSVH College of Engineering, A.P., India.

Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bapatla Engineerng College, A.P.,, India.

* Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University College of Engineering, JNTUH, Hyderabad, India.

Bhaskar, J. U., Kumar, G.R., and Ram, S.S.T. (2017). Wavelet-Fuzzy Based Digital Protection Scheme of Four-Terminal Transmission System in The Presence of UPFC. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13411

Abstract

The difficulties in obtaining the Right-of-Way have led to the development of multi-terminal transmission systems and these transmission systems are more vulnerable to faults and required to be cleared immediately as soon as they do occur for minimizing the power system disturbances and for efficient transmission. This paper aims in the systematic approach for fault detection, classification, faulty terminal identification, and fault location estimation of a four-terminal transmission system compensated with Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) based on frequency domain approach employing wavelet multi resolution analysis with the variations in fault inception angle, fault distance, and fault impedance by extracting the fault indices of current signals of all the three phases at all terminals. These fault indices were then compared with threshold value to detect and classify the faults and also identify the faulty terminal. The fault indices were used as inputs to the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for approximate fault location estimation from the respective terminals. Bior 1.5 wavelet has been chosen as mother wavelet as it has given the accurate results when compared with other members of wavelet family. The entire simulation was carried out in MATLAB environment within 110 km, 400 KV four-terminal transmission system, and the classification and location algorithms can be used as effective tools for real time digital relaying purpose as it has taken less than half cycle to detect the faults.

References

[1]. A.H. Osman, and O.P. Malik, (2004). “Transmission line distance protection based on wavelet transform”. IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 515– 523.

[2]. Feng Liang, and B. Jeyasurya, (2004). “Transmission Line Distance Protection using Wavelet Transform Algorithm”. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 545-553.

[3]. T. Manokaran, and V. Karpagam, (2010). “Performance of distance relay estimation in transmission line with UPFC”. International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 158–161.

[4]. P.K. Dash, A.K. Pradhan, and G. Panda, (2000). “Distance protection in the presence of unified power flow controller”. Electrical Power Systems Research, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 189-198.

[5]. Amany M, El-Zonkoly, and H. Desouki, (2011). “Wavelet entropy based algorithm for fault detection and classification in FACTS compensated transmission line”. Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 1368- 1374.

[6]. Gehan Gouda M.A., Abdel-Moamen M.A., and Gaber Shabib, (2004). “Power Flow Control using UPFC Device”. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-8.

[7]. P. Nagasekhar Reddy, (2014). “Simulation and Analysis of Fuzzy Logic based Unified Power Flow Controller connected to Transmission Line”. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1372-1377.

[8]. L. Yusuf, and M.N Nwohu, (2015). “Effects of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on Distance Relay Tripping Characteristics in the North-Central Nigerian 330 kv Network”. Nigerian Journal of Technology, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 793-801.

[9]. C. Dinakaran, (2015). “Implementation of Shunt and Series FACTS Devices for Overhead Transmission Lines” International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ), Vol. 6 No.8, pp. 2009-2017.

[10]. CH. Chengaiah, R.V.S. Satyanarayana, and G.V. Marutheswar, (2012). “Study on Effect of UPFC Device in Electrical Transmission System: Power Flow Assessment”. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE), Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 66-70.

[11]. Ravi Kumar Goli, Abdul Gafoor Shaik, and S.S Tulasi Ram, (2015). “A transient current based double line transmission system protection using fuzzy-wavelet approach in the presence of UPFC”. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 70, pp. 91–98.

[12]. M. Khederzadeh, (2008). “UPFC operating characteristics impact on transmission line distance protection”. Proc. IEEE, PES General Meeting, Pittsburgh, pp. 1-6.

[13]. Ebha Koley, Khushaboo Verma, and Subhojit Ghosh, (2015). “An improved fault detection classification and location scheme based on wavelet transform and artificial neural network for six phase transmission line using single end data only”. Springer Plus, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 551, DOI 10.1186/s40064-015-1342-7.

[14]. Pankaj Khandelwal, and Bharat Modi, (2015). “Modeling, Simulation of UPFC and its Effect on Power System Protection”. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 138-147.

[15]. M.J. Reddy, and D.K. Mohanta, (2007). “A waveletfuzzy combined approach for classification and location of transmission line faults”. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 669–678.

[16]. Quanyuan Jiang, Bo Wang, and Xingpeng Li, (2014). “An Efficient PMU based fault location technique for multi transmission lines”. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 1675-1682.

[17]. J. Uday Bhaskar and S.S. Tulasi Ram, (2016). “Wavelet- Fuzzy based Multi Terminal Transmission System Protection Scheme in the presence of Statcom Controller”. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems (IJFLS), Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.1-18.

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Research Paper

Optimal Sizing and Placement of Advanced SVC in Transmission System by Using Evolutionary Algorithms

A.Hema Sekhar* , A. Lakshmi Devi**

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India.

** Professor and HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India.

Sekhar, A.H., and Devi, A.L (2017). Optimal Sizing and Placement of Advanced SVC in Transmission System by Using Evolutionary Algorithms. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 10(3), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13412

Abstract

In an electrical network, an optimal procedure is required for resolving the problems like voltage profile improvement and power loss reduction. Now-a-days, the condition for optimality can be attained by effective and efficient utilization of available facilities with add-on FACTS devices in the power systems. In practical applications, the choice of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is better than other devices, as for the analysis and mitigation of problems due to its applicability and affordable costs. In this paper, for the selection of optimum location of SVC, determination of SVC's size and SVC's firing angle - three heuristic Optimization algorithms are proposed as evolutionary optimizing algorithms for the same objective function, namely, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Dragonfly algorithm. To show the validity of the proposed techniques and for comparison purposes, simulations are carried out on IEEE 14 and IEEE-57 bus power system assessing improvements in voltage profile and reducing power losses in order to present its adaptability in power systems of higher dimensional.

References

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[27]. Stéphane Gerbex, Rachid Cherkaoui, and Alain J. Germond, (2001). “Optimal Location of Multi-Type FACTS Devices in a Power System by Means of Genetic Algorithms”. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 537-544.

[28]. D. Mondal, A. Chakrabarti, and A. Sengupta, (2011). “PSO Based Location and Parameter setting of Advance SVC Controller with Comparison to GA in Mitigating Small Signal Oscillations”. 2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, pp. 1-6.

[29]. K. Kavitha, and Neela, (2013). “Optimal Placement of TCSC and SVC using PSO”. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 45-52.

[30]. D. Mondal, A. Chakrabarti, and A. Sengupta, (2012). “Optimal placement and parameter setting of SVC and TCSC using PSO to mitigate small signal stability problem”. ELSEVIER, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 334–340.

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Research Paper

Study on Genetic Algorithm Concepts, Search AndOptimization Techniques in Electrical Systems

S. Sakunthala*

*Lecturer and Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sakunthala, S. (2017). Study On Genetic Algorithm Concepts, Search and Optimization Techniques in Electrical Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 10(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13413

Abstract

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are a module of evolutionary computing, which is a rapidly developing domain of artificial intelligence. These algorithms are inventive by Darwin's theory about Darwinism. Naturally said, solution to a problem solved by GAs is evolved. In order to find an effective way to use GA widely, the basic knowledge of GA was introduced. After the introduction of its development, characteristic and application, the trends of its modification and application were analyzed. This algorithm is a optimization and search method for simulating natural choosing and genetics. This paper gives a brief introduction to genetic algorithms, its operators, and encoding techniques. This study has significance in theory of GA.

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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

Current Issue Vol. 17 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 10 Issue 3 January - March 2017

A Variable Step-Size MPPT Control Method ForPhotovoltaic Water Pumping System

Amine Daoud*

Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology, Oran, Algeria

Daoud, A. (2017). A Variable Step-Size MPPT Control Method for Photovoltaic Water Pumping System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.12410

Abstract

References

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Controlling Power Oscillations in Real and Reactive Power Using Symmetrical Hybrid PFC (Power Flow Controller)

A. GayathriReddy* , Raja Reddy Duvvuru**, V. Ganesh***

Reddy, A. G., Duvvuru, R. R., and Ganesh, V. (2017). Controlling Power Oscillations in Real and Reactive Power Using Symmetrical Hybrid PFC (Power Flow Controller). i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13410

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Wavelet-Fuzzy Based Digital Protection Scheme Of Four terminal Transmission System In The Presence Of UPFC

J. Uday Bhaskar* , G.Ravi kumar**, S. S. Tulasi Ram***

Bhaskar, J. U., Kumar, G.R., and Ram, S.S.T. (2017). Wavelet-Fuzzy Based Digital Protection Scheme of Four-Terminal Transmission System in The Presence of UPFC. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering. 10(3), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13411

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Optimal Sizing and Placement of Advanced SVC in Transmission System by Using Evolutionary Algorithms

A.Hema Sekhar* , A. Lakshmi Devi**

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India. ** Professor and HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India.

Sekhar, A.H., and Devi, A.L (2017). Optimal Sizing and Placement of Advanced SVC in Transmission System by Using Evolutionary Algorithms. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 10(3), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13412

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Study on Genetic Algorithm Concepts, Search AndOptimization Techniques in Electrical Systems

S. Sakunthala*

*Lecturer and Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sakunthala, S. (2017). Study On Genetic Algorithm Concepts, Search and Optimization Techniques in Electrical Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 10(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.10.3.13413

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A. GayathriReddy* , Raja Reddy Duvvuru, V. Ganesh*

J. Uday Bhaskar* , G.Ravi kumar, S. S. Tulasi Ram*

* Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India.

** Professor and HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S.V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati, India.