i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies (JMT)

Current Issue Vol. 10 Issue 2

Most Cited

Volume 6 Issue 2 July - December 2019

Research Paper

Development of Personalised Mobile Learning System using Fuzzy Logic Technique

Oluwatoyin C. Agbonifo* , Kayode Fatai Adeleke**

* Department of Information Systems, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

** Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Agbonifo, O. C., and Adeleke, K. F. (2019). Development of Personalised Mobile Learning System using Fuzzy Logic Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.17274

Abstract

The increasing development in the world of Information Technology (IT) has provided a better way for teaching and learning. Learners have now preferred methods by which they learn and remember what they have learned with the use of mobile devices anywhere and anytime. A model widely used to determine learners' preference has been the Felder and Silverman learning style, but this learning style has been criticized due to its limitation of dichotomous responses in the Index Learning Style (ILS) questionnaire. Hence, this research paper developed a personalised mobile learning system (PMLS) that combines Felder and Silverman learning model with fuzzy logic to identify individual learner. In this study, the dichotomous ILS questionnaire is extended from the standard two (2) option ILS questionnaire to a five (5) option questionnaire in order to accommodate learners whose attributes fall in different dimensions. Fuzzy logic is applied to determine the degree of learner's preference or learning style. The system is implemented on Android based mobile devices. Experimental control group is used to ascertain the effect of learning preference in students' learning performance. The study used twenty-two participants of first year undergraduate students from Nigeria College of Education in 2018/2019 academic session. These set of students gainfully interacted with PMLS and also engaged in a learning system that is not PMLS (not focussed on personalisation). Results from the experimental control group showed significant improvement in students' learning performance from 50.95% (without PMLS) to 81.36% (with PMLS).

References

[1]. Adewale, O. S. (2007). University Digital Libraries: adaptive, personalised e-learning system. Yerimah Prints, 277.

[2]. Agbonifo, O. C., Adewale, O. S., & Alese, B. K. (2013). Design of a Neurofuzzy-Based Model for Active and Collaborative Online Learning. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(10), 1-22.

[3]. Ahmad, N. B. H., & Shamsuddin, S. M. H. (2008). Neural network for classifying student learning characteristics in e-learning. In Advances in Artificial Intelligence Applications. Penerbit UTM, Johor, (pp. 1-19)

[4]. Almirall, M., Rivera, J., & Valverde, L. (2010, February). Learning contents in mobile scenarios. In 2010, Second International Conference on Mobile, Hybrid, and On-Line Learning (pp. 151-157). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ eLmL.2010.38

[5]. Amin, S. (2013). An effective use of ICT for education and learning by drawing on worldwide knowledge, research and experience: ICT as a change agent for education (A Literature review). Scholarly Journal of Education, 2(4), 38-45.

[6]. El-Bishouty, M. M., Aldraiweesh, A., Alturki, U., Tortorella, R., Yang, J., Chang, T. W., & Graf, S. (2019). Use of Felder and Silverman learning style model for online course design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(1), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11423-018-9634-6

[7]. Guminska, M., & Madejski, J. (2007). Web based e-learning platform as a source of the personalised teaching materials. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 24(2), 227-230.

[8]. Huang, M. J., Huang, H. S., & Chen, M. Y. (2007). Constructing a personalized e-learning system based on genetic algorithm and case-based reasoning approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 33(3), 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.05.019

[9]. Klašnja-Milićević, A., Vesin, B., Ivanović, M., & Budimac, Z. (2011). E-Learning personalization based on hybrid recommendation strategy and learning style identification. Computers & Education, 56(3), 885-899. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.11.001

[10]. Klašnja-Milićević, A., Vesin, B., Ivanović, M., Budimac, Z., & Jain, L. C. (2016). E-learning systems: Intelligent techniques for personalization (Vol. 112). Springer.

[11]. Martono, K. T., & Nurhayati, O. D. (2014). Implementation of android based mobile Learning application as a flexible learning Media. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 11(3), 168.

[12]. Pajarito, K., & Feria, R. (2015, July). MicroCAS: Design and implementation of proposed standards in micro-learning on mobile devices. In 2015, 6^th International Conference on Information, Intelligence Systems and Applications (IISA) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. http://doi.org/10.1109/ IISA.2015.7387991

[13]. Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2009). Learning styles concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Supplement, 9, 105–119. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009. 01038.x

[14]. Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to use qualitative methods in evaluation (No. 4). Sage.

[15]. Paulins, N., Balina, S., & Arhipova, I. (2015). Learning content development methodology for mobile devices. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 147-153.

[16]. Sampson, D. G., Isaias, P., Ifenthaler, D., & Spector, J. M. (Eds.). (2012). Ubiquitous and mobile learning in the digital age. Springer Science & Business Media.

[17]. Saryar, S., Kolekar, S. V., Pai, R. M., & Pai, M. M. (2019). Mobile learning recommender system based on learning styles. In Soft Computing and Signal Processing (pp. 299- 312). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981- 13-3600-3_29

[18]. Sprock, A. S., Vicari, R. M., & Gallegos, J. C. P. (2016, October). Fuzzy learning styles questionnaire based in felder and silverman model. In 2016, XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology (LACLO) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/LACLO.2016.7751791

[19]. Traxler, J. (2009). The current state of mobile learning. In M.Ally (Ed.), Mobile learning: Transforming the delivery of education and training. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press, (pp. 9-24).

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Research Paper

Development of an Intelligent Assistant for Legally Blind Individuals

Sheila A. Abaya* , Juan Miguel Castillo , Hazel Dayupay*, Christopher Espero**, Ramon Ricardo Garcia*, Mamer Mangahas****

* Department of Computer Studies and System, University of the East, Caloocan, Philippines.

-**** Department of Information Technology, University of the East, Caloocan Campus, Philippines.

Abaya, S. A., Castillo, J. M., Dayupay, H., Espero, C., Garcia, R. R., and Mangahas, M. (2019). Development of an Intelligent Assistant for Legally Blind Individuals. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.17352

Abstract

Visual impairment was defined as the limitation of actions and functions of the visual system. It may cause an individual's difficulty in carrying out their normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking. Technology innovation plays a major part in our lives today and can be utilized for many purposes and one of which is an aid for Legally Blind Persons (LBP) suffering from the defect of visual impairment. The main focus of this work is to develop an application which will help the LBP in recognizing objects, color and text using only the mobile camera. Machine learning was implemented in the study using the platform of TensorFlow. The network of algorithms or artificial neural network was also integrated into the work, thus the application has the capability of providing different interpretation of data captured by the mobile camera through deep learning. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of work, it was evaluated by several individuals using the following criteria: Usability, Accuracy and Assistance and the result was interpreted using the Likert scale values. Overall result was 4.33 interpreted as outstanding, thus concluded that the work met the targeted individuals' expectations and requirements and that it is acceptable.

References

[1]. Ahlawat, S., & Dahiya, R. (2013). A Novel Approach of Text to Speech Conversion Under Android Environment. International Journal of Computer Science Management Studies (IJCSMS), 13(5),189 – 193.

[2]. Bouillon, M., Ingold, R., & Liwicki, M. (2019). Grayification: A meaningful grayscale conversion to improve handwritten historical documents analysis. Pattern Recognition Letters, 121, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. patrec.2018.05.021

[3]. California Optometric Association. (2019). Common types of visual impairment. https://www.coavision.org/m/ pages.cfm?pageid=3625

[4]. Congdon, N., O'Colmain, B., Klaver, C. C., Klein, R., Muñoz, B., Friedman, D. S., ... & Mitchell, P. (2004). Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill.: 1960), 122(4), 477-485. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archopht.122.4.477

[5]. Dhamale, S., Waghmare, P., Gaikwad, T., Yadav., K., & Ghadling, S. (2015). A recent study on object recognition for visually impaired persons using smart phone. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 3(2), 61–65.

[6]. Emerging Technology. (2018). The secret world of disabled gamers. MIT Technology Review. https://www. technologyreview.com/s/611375/the-secret-world-ofdisabled- gamers

[7]. Hagargund, A. G., Shaik, E. F., Beru, M., & Thota, S. V. (2017). Image to speech conversion for visually impaired. International Journal of Latest Research Engineering and Technology (IJLRET), 3, 09-15.

[8]. Jaymalin, M. (2017). Over 2 Million Pinoys Blind, Sight- Impaired. Philstar Global Newspaper. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/08/06/1726085/ over-2-million-pinoys-blind-sight-impaired

[9]. Mandal., A. (2018). Types of visual impairment. News Medical Life Sciences. https://www.news-medical.net/ health/Types-of-visual-impairment.aspx

[10]. Marston, J. R., & Golledge, R. G. (2003). The hidden demand for participation in activities and travel by persons who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 97(8), 475-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0145482X0309700803

[11]. Metz., R. (2016). App spots objects for visually impaired. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https:// www.technologyreview.com/2016/03/25/161406/appspots- objects-for-the-visually-impaired/

[12]. Patel, C., Patel, A., & Patel, D. (2012). Optical character recognition by open source OCR tool tesseract: A case study. International Journal of Computer Applications, 55(10), 50-56.

[13]. Patil, M., & Kagalkar, R. (2015). An Automatic Approach for Translating Simple Images into Text Descriptions and Speech for Visually Impaired People. International Journal of Computer Applications, 118(3), 14-19.

[14]. Prakash, M. K. D. J., Harish, P., & Deepika, M. K. (2015, March). Android based object recognition into voice input to aid visually impaired. In International Conference on Recent Trends In Engineering Science And Management (pp. 4078-4153). https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X03 09700803

[15]. Dutoit, T. (1997). High-quality text-to-speech synthesis: An overview. Journal Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Australia, 17, 25-36. Retrieved from https://www.semantic scholar.org/paper/High-quality-text-to-speech-synthesis- %3A-an-overview-Dutoit

[16]. World Health Organization. (2019). Blindness and vision impairment. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

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Research Paper

Design and Implementation of an Android Mobile Library Management System for Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Silas Kolo* , Fasola P. Abifarin, Shaka Apodoghe Imavah*

*-*** Department of Library and Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Kolo, S., Abifarin, F. P., and Imavah, S. A. Design and Implementation of an Android Mobile Library Management System for Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 6(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.15633

Abstract

A mobile computerised system for handling the activities and services of the library provides a comprehensive way to lessen physical labour, reduce human error and grant access to information materials anywhere and anytime. This research work aimed to design and implement an Android Mobile Library Management System that university libraries can use to overcome the human and other challenges that prevent them from providing services on the go. The research work was guided by four objectives and four research questions. The Android Mobile Library Management System was designed and implemented using the Android Studio which contains XML (Extensible Mark-Up Language) and Java. At the back-end HTML (Hypertext Mark-Up Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), PHP (PHP Hypertext PreProcessor) and MySQL database were used. The system was tested after the development and found suitable to meet all the requirements specified. The system has capacity to add to the integrity of the library, ease the activities of the librarian and eliminate the stress related with the current process of searching for library books.

References

[1]. Dinesh, R., Pravin, S. A., Aravindhan, M., & Rajeswari, D. (2015). Library access system smartphone application using Android. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 4(13), 142-14.

[2]. Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Singh, R., & Singh, V. K. (2014). Library Management System. Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin.

[3]. Nalluri, S. R., & Gaddam, B. (2016). Mobile library services and technologies: A study. International Journal of Research in Library Science, 2(2), 59-66.

[4]. Tripathi, A., & Srivastava, A. (2011). Online library management system. Journal of Online Library Management, 2(2), 1-25.

[5]. Uzomba, E. C., Oyebola, O. J., & Izuchukwu, A. C. (2015). The use and application of open source integrated library system in academic libraries in Nigeria: Koha example. Library Philosophy and Practice, 37(1), (p. 1250).

[6]. Enache, I. (2012). Aspects regarding library management systems. Library and Information Science Research, (16), 27-38. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/ download/pdf/25570119.pdf

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Review Paper

In-Depth Comparison of Cross-Platform Generative Frameworks

Felipe Munhoz Afonso* , Daniel Lucrédio**

*-** Department of Computer Science, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.

Afonso, F. M., and Lucrédio, D. (2019). In-Depth Comparison of Cross-Platform Generative Frameworks. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.16706

Abstract

As the popularity and complexity of mobile software grows, developers need to become more efficient. To unify coding to multiple platform into a single code base, different cross-platform tools were created. The current scenario is a saturated market, full of tools for developing applications for multiple platforms. Selecting the more adequate tool might be challenging, especially in those cases where the application needs to make use of resources other than just traditional screen input/output. This paper shows how some of the most popular tools currently available will perform in creating an application that makes use of camera and geographic location, and how each tool performs relatively to each other within this task. The results indicate that React Native may be the best choice for most cases, followed by Xamarin.

References

[1]. Bernardes, T. F. & Miyake, M. Y. (2016). Cross-platform mobile development approaches: A systematic review. IEEE Latin America Transactions 14(4), 1892–1898. https:// doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2016.7483531

[2]. Charkaoui, S., Adraoui, Z. & Benlahmar, E. L. (2014). Cross-platform mobile development approaches. In 2014, Third IEEE International Colloquium in Information Science and Technology (CIST), (pp. 188–191). https://doi.org/10. 1109/CIST.2014.7016616

[3]. Dalmasso, I., Datta, S. K., Bonnet, C. & Nikaein, N. (2013). Survey, comparison and evaluation of cross platform mobile application development tools. In 2013, 9^th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), (pp. 323–328). https:// doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC.2013.6583580

[4]. Gaouar, L., Benamar, A. & Bendimerad, F. T. (2015). Model driven approaches to cross platform mobile development. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Information Processing, Security and Advanced Communication, (pp. 1-5), https://doi.org/ 10.1145/2816839.2816882

[5]. Heitkötter, H., Hanschke, S., & Majchrzak, T. A. (2012). Evaluating cross-platform development approaches for mobile applications. In International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, Springer, (pp. 120–138). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36608-6_8

[6]. Latif, M., Lakhrissi, Y., Nfaoui, E. L. & Es-Sbai, N. (2016). Cross platform approach for mobile application development: A survey. In 2016, International Conference on Information Technology for Organizations Development (IT4OD) (pp. 1–5). https://doi.org/10.1109/ IT4OD.2016.747 9278

[7]. NativeScript.(2014). Cross-Platform Framework. Retrieved from https://www.nativescript.org/

[8]. Raj, C. R., & Tolety, S. B. (2012, December). A study on approaches to build cross-platform mobile applications and criteria to select appropriate approach. In 2012, Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON) (pp. 625-629). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2012.6420693

[9]. React Native. (n.d). A Framework for Building Native Apps Using React. Retrieved from https://react-native.org/

[10]. Richter, F. (2018). The Smartphone Duopoly. Retrieved from https:// www.statista.com/chart/3268/smartphone-osmarket- share/

[11]. Statista & Apple. (2017). Number of available apps in the Apple App Store from July 2008 to January 2017. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/263795/ number-of-available-apps-in-the-apple-app-store/

[12]. Statista, Google, Annie, Brain, & Android. (2017). Number of available applications in the Google Play Store from December 2009 to December 2017. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/266210/number-ofavailable- applications-in-the-google-play-store/

[13]. Vantoll, T. J. (2017). How Native Script Works. Telerik Developer Network

[14]. Weex (2017). Cross-Platform Framework. Retrieved from https://weex.apache.org/guide/

[15]. Xamarin. (2017). Mobile Application Development to Build Apps in C#. Retrieved from https://www.xamarin.com/ platform

[16]. Xanthopoulos, S., & Xinogalos, S. (2013). A comparative analysis of cross-platform development approaches for mobile applications. In Proceedings of the 6^th Balkan Conference in Informatics, ACM, (pp. 213–220). https://doi.org/10.1145/2490257.2490292

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Review Paper

Comparative Study of Agile Methodologies in Mobile Application Development

Akanksha Sharma* , Vijay Gupta**

*-** International School of Informatics and Management, Jaipur, India.

Sharma, A., and Gupta, V. (2019). Comparative Study of Agile Methodologies in Mobile Application Development. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.15485

Abstract

Agile is an iterative and step-by-step software development methodology with very less risk factor. This methodology comprises of small cycles. Every development life cycle in agile application includes planning, requirement analysis, design, development, testing and documentation drawing up. Mobile apps are more flexible for users as compared to conventional desktop applications for PC that may function for a few years without an upgrade. User requirements changes frequently, so mobile application developers or owners should update the application to meet the user demands. Users update the new change as desired. To build a new mobile app agile methodology is acceptable and can be used easily. This paper discusses a comparative study of agile methodologies such as, Scrum Methodology, Extreme Programming, Adaptive Software Development, and Feature Driven Development in mobile application development.

References

[1]. Abrahamsson, P., Hanhineva, A., Hulkko, H., Ihme, T., Jäälinoja, J., Korkala, M., & Salo, O. (2004, October). Mobile-D: An agile approach for mobile application development. In Companion to the 19^th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (pp. 174-175). https://doi.org/10.1145/1028664.1028736

[2]. Differences Between Scrum and Extreme Programming. Retrieved from https://www.mountaingoat software.com/blog/differences-between-scrum-andextreme- programming

[3]. Kamthan, P. (2007). Extreme programming for mobile applications. In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce (pp. 277-282). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10. 4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch047

[4]. Kirmani, M. (2017a). Agile methods for mobile application development: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 8(5).

[5]. Kirmani, M. (2017b). Agile development method for mobile applications: A study. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 8(5).

[6]. Powell-Morse, A. (2017, January 20). Extreme Programming: What is it And How do you use it?. Retrieved from https://airbrake.io/blog/sdlc/extreme-programming

[7]. Prasad, G. P., Hamsini, R., & Smitha, G. R. (2016). Agile development methodology and testing for mobile applications - A survey. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2(9), 98-101.

[8]. Saputra, K., Nazaruddin, N., Yunardi, D. H., & Andriyani, R. (2019). Implementation of Haversine Formula on location based mobile application in Syiah Kuala University. In 2019, IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Computational Intelligence (CyberneticsCom), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, pp. 40-45, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CYBERNETICSCOM.2019.8875686

[9]. Select Business Solutions (n.d.). What is Extreme Programming? (XP). Retrieved from http://www.selectbs. com/process-maturity/what-is-extreme-programming

[10]. Singh, P. (2018, May 22). A Guide to Agile Scrum Methodology in Mobile App Development. Retrieved from https://appinventiv.com/blog/agile-scrum-methodologyin- mobile-app-development

i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies (JMT)

Current Issue Vol. 10 Issue 2

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 6 Issue 2 July - December 2019

Development of Personalised Mobile Learning System using Fuzzy Logic Technique

Oluwatoyin C. Agbonifo* , Kayode Fatai Adeleke**

* Department of Information Systems, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. ** Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Agbonifo, O. C., and Adeleke, K. F. (2019). Development of Personalised Mobile Learning System using Fuzzy Logic Technique. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.17274

Abstract

References

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Development of an Intelligent Assistant for Legally Blind Individuals

Sheila A. Abaya* , Juan Miguel Castillo **, Hazel Dayupay***, Christopher Espero****, Ramon Ricardo Garcia*****, Mamer Mangahas******

* Department of Computer Studies and System, University of the East, Caloocan, Philippines. **-****** Department of Information Technology, University of the East, Caloocan Campus, Philippines.

Abaya, S. A., Castillo, J. M., Dayupay, H., Espero, C., Garcia, R. R., and Mangahas, M. (2019). Development of an Intelligent Assistant for Legally Blind Individuals. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.17352

Abstract

References

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Design and Implementation of an Android Mobile Library Management System for Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Silas Kolo* , Fasola P. Abifarin**, Shaka Apodoghe Imavah***

*-*** Department of Library and Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Kolo, S., Abifarin, F. P., and Imavah, S. A. Design and Implementation of an Android Mobile Library Management System for Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies, 6(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.15633

Abstract

References

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In-Depth Comparison of Cross-Platform Generative Frameworks

Felipe Munhoz Afonso* , Daniel Lucrédio**

*-** Department of Computer Science, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.

Afonso, F. M., and Lucrédio, D. (2019). In-Depth Comparison of Cross-Platform Generative Frameworks. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.16706

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

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Comparative Study of Agile Methodologies in Mobile Application Development

Akanksha Sharma* , Vijay Gupta**

*-** International School of Informatics and Management, Jaipur, India.

Sharma, A., and Gupta, V. (2019). Comparative Study of Agile Methodologies in Mobile Application Development. i-manager’s Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies , 6(2), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.15485

Abstract

References

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* Department of Information Systems, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

** Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Sheila A. Abaya* , Juan Miguel Castillo , Hazel Dayupay*, Christopher Espero**, Ramon Ricardo Garcia*, Mamer Mangahas****

* Department of Computer Studies and System, University of the East, Caloocan, Philippines.

-**** Department of Information Technology, University of the East, Caloocan Campus, Philippines.

Silas Kolo* , Fasola P. Abifarin, Shaka Apodoghe Imavah*