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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Optimization of Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant using Three Different Types of Fuel
Efficient Shopping: RFID-Powered Cart with Automated Billing System
Medical Drone System for Automated External Defibrillator Shock Delivery for Cardiac Arrest Patients
A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
Review on Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation for Brain Tumor Detection

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Volume 13 Issue 1 August - October 2017

Research Paper

Benefits of Using Human Centred Design Methods in Industrial Design

Tom Page* , Gisli Thorsteinsson**

* Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

** Professor, Department of Design and Craft Education, Iceland University of Education, Iceland.

Page, T., and Thorsteinsson, G. (2017). Benefits of Using Human Centred Design Methods in Industrial Design. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13757

Abstract

The aim of this paper recognised both the tangible and intangible benefits of using Human Centred Design methods (HCD) in industrial design. Implications of using and not using them were studied as well as how and why they were employed in industry. Surveys were directed towards current design professionals in global company Mondelez International Ltd. Interviews were conducted with Industrial Design final year undergraduates who had experience working in the Industrial Design industry. Results showed the main benefit for using HCD is to aid the decision-making process. Other key benefits were identified: HCD helps keep in touch with users; it prevents people designing based on preconceptions; and it reduces the need to make costly amendments to designs in the latter stages of projects. A key implication of using HCD, preventing most participants from fully integrating it within the design process, was also identified as using up valuable time and resources. The study determined that there are numerous advantages to performing HCD in the design industry. It is considered that an intelligent use of them can prevent the majority negative implications outlined, benefiting the design process through an increased understanding of the user.

References

[1]. Amiri, M., Dezfooli, M., & Mortezaei, S. (2012). Designing an ergonomics backpack for students aged 7- 9 with user centred design approach. Work, Business Source Complete. 41, 1193-1201.

[2]. Bowerman, J. (2014). Understanding users in context: An investigation into designers' requirements. (Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University).

[3]. Cacciabue, P. C., & Martinetto, M. (2006). A user-centred approach for designing driving support systems: The case of collision avoidance. Cognition, Technology & Work, 8(3), 201-214.

[4]. Caplan, S. (2009). User-Centered Generation of New Product Concepts: A Case Study of Human Factors and Industrial Design Collaboration. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 53(19), 1502-1506.

[5]. Giacomin, J. (2014). What Is Human Centred Design? The Design Journal, 17(4), 606-623.

[6]. Haines, V., Maguire, M., Cooper, C., Mitchell, V., Lenton, F., Keval, H. et al. (2005). User centred design in smart homes: Research to support the equipment and services aggregation trials (Loughborough University)

[7]. Human Centered Design Toolkit. (2009). 2^nd ed. [ebook] 8-13.

[8]. Jordan, P. W. (2003). Designing Pleasurable Products. London: Taylor & Francis e-Library.

[9]. Kok, B. N., Slegers, K., & Vink, P. (2012). The amount of ergonomics and user involvement in 151 design processes. Work, 41, 989-996.

[10]. Kujala, S. (2008). Effective user involvement in product development by improving the analysis of user needs. Behaviors Information Technology, 27(6), 457-473.

[11]. Kujala, S. (2003). User involvement: A review of the benefits and challenges. Behaviour & Information Technology, 22(1), 1-16.

[12]. Norman, D. A. (2005). Human-centered design considered harmful. Interactions, 12(4), p.14.

[13]. Roschuni, C. N. (2012). Communicating Design Research Effectively (Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).

[14]. Roschuni, C., Goodman, E. & Agogino, A. M. (2013). Communicating actionable user research for human-centered design. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 27(2), 143-154.

[15]. Säde, S. (2001). Towards User - Centred Design: A Method Development Project in a Product Design Consultancy. The Design Journal, 4(3), 20-32.

[16]. Segelström, F. (2013). Stakeholder Engagement for Service Design: How Service Designers Identify and Communicate Insights (Doctoral Dissertation, Linköping University).

[17]. Sinclair, M. (2012). The specification of a consumer design toolkit to support personalised production via additive manufacturing (Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University).

[18]. Steen, M. (2012). Human-Centered Design as a Fragile Encounter. Design Issues, 28(1), 72-80.

[19]. Ulwick, A. W. (2002). Turn Consumer Input into Innovation. Harvard Business Review, 1, 91-97.

[20]. van Kleef, E., van Trijp, H. C., & Luning, P. (2005). Consumer research in the early stages of new product development: A critical review of methods and techniques. Food Quality and Preference, 16(3), 181- 201.

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Research Paper

Quasi-Static Indentation Tests on Polyurethane and Phenolic Foam Sandwich Panels

Syed Mudassir* , M. Manzoor Hussain, D. V. Ravi Shankar*

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India

* Principal, TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

Mudassir,S., Hussai, M. M., and Shankar, D.V.R. (2017). Quasi-Static Indentation Tests on Polyurethane and Phenolic Foam Sandwich Panels. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13758

Abstract

Mechanical response and energy absorption of polyurethane and phenolic foam sandwich composite panels subjected to quasi-static indentation loads were investigated experimentally. These sandwich panels consisted of two glass-fiber face-sheets and PU and Phenolic foam cores. Quasi-static indentation tests were conducted using an UTS-40 universal testing machine, with sandwich panels in fully fixed condition. Load-displacement curves were recorded and the total energy absorbed by sandwich panels was calculated accordingly. Photographs and video recordings were carried out to observe the deformation of top face sheets, foam cores, and bottom face-sheets. The main objective of this work was to study the energy absorption behaviour of different sandwich composite laminates under Quasi-static indentation. Load-deflection results were obtained from experimental tests using hemisphere indenter for different sandwich composite laminates. The energy absorbing capacity of sandwich laminates linearly increased with the increase in foam thickness. The effects of face-sheet thickness, core thickness, and energy absorption of sandwich panels are also discussed.

References

[1]. Chai, G. B., & Zhu, S. (2011). A review of low-velocity impact on sandwich structures. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 225(4), 207-230.

[2]. Dikshit, V., Prasanth, N. A., Kumar, J. D., Yap, Y. L., & Yeong, W. Y. (2016). Investigation of quasi static indentation on 3D printed honeycomb based truncated- pyramid square structure. Proceedings of the 2^nd International Conference on Progress in Additive Manufacturing (Pro-AM 2016), 116-121.

[3]. Flores-Johnson, E. A., & Li, Q. M. (2010). Indentation into polymeric foams. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 47(16), 1987-1995.

[4]. Flores-Johnson, E. A., & Li, Q. M. (2011). Experimental study of the indentation of sandwich panels with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer face sheets and polymeric foam core. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(5), 1212-1219.

[5]. Flores-Johnson, E. A., Li, Q. M., & Shen, L. (2014). Numerical simulations of quasi-static indentation and low velocity impact of Rohacell 51 WF foam. International Journal of Computational Methods, 11, 1344004.

[6]. Li, Y., Xuefeng, A., & Xiaosu, Y. (2012). Comparison with Low-Velocity Impact and Quasi-staticIndentation Testing of Foam Core Sandwich Composites. International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 2(1), 58.

[7]. Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Yu, J., & Yang, J. (2014). Indentation of composite sandwich panels with aluminum foam core: An experimental parametric study. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(18), 1671-1681.

[8]. Lie, S. C. (1989). Damage resistance and damage tolerance of thin composite facesheet honeycomb panels (Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

[9]. Luo, L., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Shen, Z., & Yang, S. (2007). Experimental study on quasi-static indentation damage resistance of composite laminates. Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao (Acta Mater. Compos. Sin.), 24(3), 154-159.

[10]. Proulx, T. (Ed.). (2011). Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics (Vol. 17). Springer Science & Business Media.

[11]. Ruan, D., Lu, G., & Wong, Y. C. (2010). Quasi-static indentation tests on aluminium foam sandwich panels. Composite Structures, 92(9), 2039-2046.

[12]. Sharma, R. S., Raghupathy, V. P., Priyamvada, G. M., Abishek, A., & Abhiraj, M. (2011). Investigation of Low Velocity Impact Response of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Panels. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 7-4.

[13]. Shen, Z., Yang, S. C., & Chen, P. H. (2007). Behaviors of composite materials to withstand impact and structural compressive design allowableness. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica- Series A and B, 28(3), 561.

[14]. Shen, Z., Zhang, Z. L., & Wang, J. (2004). Characterization of damage resistance and damage tolerance behaviour of composite laminates. Fuhe Cailiao Xuebao/Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 21(5), 140–145.

[15]. Steeves, C. A., & Fleck, N. A. (2004). Material selection in sandwich beam construction. Scripta Materialia, 50(10), 1335-1339.

[16]. Steinmann, A. E. (1977). Damage Tolerance of Thin Skin Sandwich Panels (No. AFML-TR-76-185). Air Force Materials Lab Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio.

[17]. Tsang, P. H. W. (1994). Impact resistance and damage tolerance of composite sandwich panels (Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

[18]. Wang, X., Peng, X., & Guo, Z. (2014). An experimental study of the indentation behaviour of Al foam. Engineering Review, 34(1), 15-21.

[19]. Xia, F., & Wu, X. (2010). Work on low-velocity impact properties of foam sandwich composites with various face sheets. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(7), 1045-1054.

[20]. Zhang, F., Mohmmed, R., Sun, B., & Gu, B. (2013). Damage Behaviors of Foam Sandwiched Composite Materials Under Quasi-Static Three-point Bending. Applied Composite Materials, 20(6), 1231-1246.

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Research Paper

Development of Water Hyacinth Nonwoven Fabrics for Thermal Insulation

M. Bhuvaneshwari* , K. Sangeetha**

* Research Scholar, Department of Textiles and Apparel Design, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Professor and Head, Department of Textiles and Apparel Design, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Bhuvaneshwari, M., and Sangeetha, K.(2017). Development of Water Hyacinth Nonwoven Fabrics for Thermal Insulatio. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13759

Abstract

For the past two decades researchers are working to identify and develop new natural textile fiber sources with eco-friendly manufacturing and sustainability processing. This study investigates the extraction of fibers from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plants, its physical, mechanical, and structural properties. The water hyacinth fibers show good strength of about 220.5 g/tex and the fineness of 1.22 g/cm³ are prepared into nonwoven fabrics and their quality for textile applications is analyzed. Nonwoven fabrics are prepared by blending water hyacinth fibers with hemp fibers in three different ratios, such as 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 for assessing their suitability. The prepared fabrics were analyzed with the effect of blend ratio of water hyacinth fibers for the physical and thermal insulation properties. The result shows that higher the proportion of water hyacinth fibers in the sample, higher the thickness and areal density, and lower the bulk density of the fabric. Further, the increase in the proportion of water hyacinth fibers decreases the thermal conductivity of the fabric and the good thermal resistivity was observed in the sample WH75/H25.

References

[1]. AAAA Hyacinth Harvesting. (n.d.). The Water Hyacinth Overview.

[2]. Acharya, S. K., Mishra, P., Mehar, S. K., & Dikshit, V. (2008). Weathering behavior of bagasse fiber reinforced polymer composite. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 27(16-17), 1839-1846.

[3]. Benfratello, S., Capitano, C., Peri, G., Rizzo, G., Scaccianoce, G., & Sorrentino, G. (2013). Thermal and structural properties of a hemp–lime biocomposite. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 745-754.

[4]. Bhuvaneshwari, M., & Sangeetha, K. (2016). Investigation of Physical, Chemical and Structural Characterization of Eichhornia crassipes fiber. In International Conference on Information Engineering, Management and Security (pp. 92-96).

[5]. Bhuvaneshwari, M., & Sangeetha, K. (2017). Effect of Blending Ratio of Water Hyacinth Fibers on the Properties of Needle Punched Nonwoven Fabrics. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 5(2), 90- 94.

[6]. Bledzki, A. K., & Gassan, J. (1999). Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in Polymer Science, 24(2), 221-274.

[7]. Chanana B., & Tanushree. Water Hyacinth: A Promising textile fiber source. www.fiber2fashion.com

[8]. Goel, R. K., & Rao, J. K. (2004). Oak Tasar Culture: Aboriginal of Himalayas. APH Publishing.

[9]. Gunnarsson, C. C., & Petersen, C. M. (2007). Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production: A literature review. Waste Management, 27(1), 117-129.

[10]. Kalebek, N. A., & Babaarslan, O. (2016). Fiber Selection for the Production of Nonwovens, In Non-woven Fabrics. InTech.

[11]. Kenyon, G. (2009). Dealing with an invincible invader. In The Guardian-World News, December 21^st , 2009.

[12]. Komy, Z. R., Abdelraheem, W. H., & Ismail, N. M. (2013). Biosorption of Cu 2⁺ by Eichhornia crassipes: physicochemical characterization, biosorption modeling and mechanism. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 25(1), 47-56.

[13]. Kymäläinen, H. R., & Sjöberg, A. M. (2008). Flax and hemp fibres as raw materials for thermal insulations. Building and Environment, 43(7), 1261-1269.

[14]. Malik, A. (2007). Environmental challenge vis-a-vis opportunity: The case of water hyacinth. Environment International, 33(1), 122-138.

[15]. Marin, E. M., Leon, D., Marites, S., Mangalindan, & Nora, B. (2011). Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for Yarn manufacture. PTRI Samay Bulletin, 46(54).

[16]. Punitha, S., Sangeetha, D. K., & Bhuvaneshwari, M. (2015). Processing of Water hyacinth fiber to improve its absorbency. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(8), 290-294.

[17]. Roy, S.K. (2001). Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics (pp. 13-14). New Age International Publisher, New Delhi.

[18]. Saravanakumar, S. S., Kumaravel, A., Nagarajan, T., Sudhakar, P., & Baskaran, R. (2013). Characterization of a novel natural cellulosic fiber from Prosopis juliflora bark. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 1928-1933.

[19]. Singha, A. S., Kaith, B. S., & Khanna, A. J. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of cannabis indica fiber reinforced composites. BioResources, 6(2), 2101-2117.

[20]. Sotolu, A. O. (2013). Management and Utilization of Weed: Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for Improved Aquatic Resources. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(1), 1-8.

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Research Paper

Importance of E-Cap Die Design for Producing Improved Hardness and Ultra Fine Grains of Aluminum Alloy-6xxx Series

Sunil Kadiyan* , Brijnandan Singh Dehiya**

* Research Scholar, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India.

Kadiyan,S., and Dehiya, B.S. (2017). Importance of E-Cap Die Design for Producing Improved Hardness and Ultra Fine Grains of Aluminum Alloy-6xxx Series. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13760

Abstract

The purpose of present work is to investigate the importance of 'Equal Channel Angular Pressing (E-CAP)' technique under severe plastic deformation to provide better mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum alloy 6xxx series. The conditions for better die and plunger assembly design were experimentally found. High speed of plunger has produced bending in it, therefore, failure in E-CAP can be reduced by keeping the speed of plunger less than or equal to 1 mm/min. Route C is found most appropriate for producing large strain between passes, which can be justified by different optical microscopy images.

References

[1]. Ashrafizadeh, S. M., Eivani, A. R., Jafarian, H. R., & Zhou, J. (2017). Improvement of mechanical properties of AA6063 aluminum alloy after equal channel angular pressing by applying a two-stage solution treatment. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 687, 54-62.

[2]. Azushima, A., Kopp, R., Korhonen, A., Yang, D. Y., Micari, F., Lahoti, G. D. et al. (2008). Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes for metals. CIRP Annals- Manufacturing Technology, 57(2), 716-735.

[3]. Cabibbo, M. (2010). A TEM Kikuchi pattern study of ECAP AA1200 via routes A, C, B C. Materials Characterization, 61(6), 613-625.

[4]. Casati, R., Vedani, M., Dellasega, D., Bassani, P., & Tuissi, A. (2015). Consolidated Al/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites by equal channel angular pressing and hot extrusion. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 30(10), 1218- 1222.

[5]. Casati, R., Wei, X., Xia, K., Dellasega, D., Tuissi, A., Villa, E. et al. (2014). Mechanical and functional properties of ultrafine grained Al wires reinforced by nano- Al₂O₃ particles. Materials & Design, 64, 102-109.

[6]. Deng, G., Lu, C., Su, L., Tieu, A. K., Li, J., Liu, M. et al. (2014). Influence of Outer Corner Angle (OCA) on the plastic deformation and texture evolution in equal channel angular pressing. Computational Materials Science, 81, 79-88.

[7]. Djavanroodi, F., & Ebrahimi, M. (2010). Effect of die parameters and material properties in ECAP with parallel channels. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(29), 7593-7599.

[8]. Djavanroodi, F., Ebrahimi, M., Rajabifar, B., & Akramizadeh, S. (2010). Fatigue design factors for ECAPed materials. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528(2), 745-750.

[9]. Djavanroodi, F., Omranpour, B., Ebrahimi, M., & Sedighi, M. (2012). Designing of ECAP parameters based on strain distribution uniformity. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 22(5), 452-460.

[10]. Duan, Y., Tang, L., Xu, G., Deng, Y., & Yin, Z. (2016). Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7005 aluminum alloy processed by room temperature ECAP and subsequent annealing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 664, 518-529.

[11]. El-Danaf, E. A. (2012). Mechanical properties, microstructure and micro-texture evolution for 1050AA deformed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and post ECAP plane strain compression using two loading schemes. Materials & Design, 34, 793-807.

[12]. Fang, D. R., Zhang, Z. F., Wu, S. D., Huang, C. X., Zhang, H., Zhao, N. Q. et al. (2006). Effect of equal channel angular pressing on tensile properties and fracture modes of casting Al-Cu alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 426(1), 305-313.

[13]. Sanusi, O., Makinde, D., & Oliver, J. (2012). Equal channel angular pressing technique for the formation of ultra-fine grained structures. South African Journal of Science, 108(9-10), 1-7.

[14]. Segal, V. M. (1995). Materials processing by simple shear. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 197(2), 157- 164.

[15]. Segal, V. M., Hartwig, K. T., & Goforth, R. E. (1997). In situ composites processed by simple shear. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 224(1-2), 107-115.

[16]. Semiatin, S. L., Segal, V. M., Goforth, R. E., Hartwig, T., & Goetz, R. L. (1995). Workability of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy during equal channel angular extrusion. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 33(4).

[17]. Sivaraman, A., & Chakkingal, U. (2008). Investigations on workability of commercial purity aluminum processed by equal channel angular pressing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 202(1), 543- 548.

[18]. Suo, T., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Wang, C., & Fan, X. (2013). Strain rate sensitivity and deformation kinetics of ECAPed aluminium over a wide range of strain rates. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 560, 545-551.

[19]. Zendehdel, H., & Hassani, A. (2012). Influence of twist extrusion process on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6063 aluminum alloy. Materials & Design, 37, 13-18.

[20]. Zhao, Y., Song, B., Pei, J., Jia, C., Li, B., & Linlin, G. (2013). Effect of deformation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6063 during continuous extrusion process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213(11), 1855-1863.

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Research Paper

The Effectiveness of Various Cutting Fluids on the Surface Roughness of AISI 1045 Steel During Turning Operation Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication System

Milon D. Selvam* , N. M. Sivaram**

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.

Selvam, M.D., and Sivaram, N. M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Various Cutting Fluids on the Surface Roughness of AISI 1045 Steel During Turning Operation Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication System. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13761

Abstract

This paper elucidates the effect of mineral oil based cutting fluid such as Servocut 'S' grade oil emulsified with water and used edible vegetable oil based cutting fluids, such as Palm Oil and Peanut Oil emulsified with water on the surface quality of AISI 1045 cylindrical steel components. The turning operation is carried out with three TiN coated carbide inserts of different nose radius on AISI 1045 steel using Minimum Quantity Lubrication system. The machining parameters, namely spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool nose radius and cutting fluids are decided for the lead of trials. The trials are designed based on Taguchi's L₂₇(3⁵) orthogonal array. The surface roughness of the turned samples is measured with a surface roughness analyzer and in this manner; a scientific model representing the average surface roughness is created through regression examination. The results revealed that the surface quality of the turned samples using vegetable based cutting fluids are equivalence with the components machined using mineral oil based cutting fluid.

References

[1]. Abhang, L. B., & Hameedullah, M. (2012). Determination of optimum parameters for multi-performance characteristics in turning by using grey relational analysis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 63, 13–24.

[2]. Ali, S. M., Dhar, N. R., & Dey, S. K. (2011). Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) on cutting performance in turning medium carbon steel by uncoated carbide insert at different speed-feed combinations. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 6, 185-196.

[3]. Belavendram, N. (1995). Quality by Design: Taguchi techniques for industrial experimentation. Prentice Hall, London.

[4]. Boubekri, N., Shaikh, V., & Foster, P. R. (2010). A technology enabled for green machining: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 21, 556-566.

[5]. Debnath, S., Reddy, M. M., & Yi, Q. S. (2014). Environmental friendly cutting fluids and cooling techniques in machining: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 83, 33-47.

[6]. Dureja, J. S., Singh, R., & Bhatti, M. S. (2014). Optimizing flank wear and surface roughness during hard turning of AISI D3 steel by Taguchi and RSM methods. Production & Manufacturing Research, 2(1), 767-783.

[7]. Hadad, M., & Sadeghi, B. (2013). Minimum quantity lubrication-MQL turning of AISI 4140 steel alloy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 54, 332-343.

[8]. Hwang, Y. K., & Lee, C. M. (2010). Surface roughness and cutting force prediction in MQL and wet turning process of AISI 1045 using design of experiments. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24(8), 1669- 1677.

[9]. Kelly, J. F., & Cotterell, M. G. (2002). Minimal lubrication machining of aluminium alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 120(1), 327-334.

[10]. Khandekar, S., Sankar, M. R., Agnihotri, V., & Ramk uma r, J. (2012). Nano- cutting fluid for enhancement of metal cutting performance. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(9), 963-967.

[11]. Kuram, E., Ozcelik, B., & Demirbas, E. (2013). Environmentally friendly machining: Vegetable based cutting fluids. In Green Manufacturing Processes and Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 23-47.

[12]. Kurgin, S., Dasch, J. M., Simon, D. L., Barber, G. C., & Zou, Q. (2012). Evaluation of the convective heat transfer coefficient for Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 64(6), 376-386.

[13]. Leppert, T. (2011). Effect of cooling and lubrication conditions on surface topography and turning process of C45 steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 51(2), 120-126.

[14]. Liao, Y. S., Liao, C. H., & Lin, H. M. (2017). Study of oilwater ratio and flow rate of MQL fluid in high speed milling of Inconel 718. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 18(2), 257-262.

[15]. Montgomery, D. C. (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley & Sons.

[16]. Noordin, M. Y., Venkatesh, V. C., Sharif, S., Elting, S., & Abdullah, A. (2004). Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 145(1), 46-58.

[17]. Rahim, E. A., & Sasahara, H. (2011a). A study of the effect of palm oil as MQL lubricant on high speed drilling of titanium alloys. Tribology International, 44(3), 309-317.

[18]. Rahim, E. A., & Sasahara, H. (2011b). An analysis of surface integrity when drilling inconel 718 using palm oil and synthetic ester under MQL condition. Machining Science and Technology, 15(1), 76-90.

[19]. Sarhan, A. A., Sayuti, M., & Hamdi, M. (2012). Reduction of power and lubricant oil consumption in milling process using a new SiO₂ nanolubrication system. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 63(5), 505-512.

[20]. Schwarz, M., Dado, M., Hnilica, R., & Veverková, D. (2015). Environmental and health aspects of metalworking fluid use. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(1), 37-45.

[21]. Selvam, M.D., & Senthil, P. (2016). Investigation on the effect of turning operation on surface roughness of hardened C45 carbon steel, Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 14(2), 131-137.

[22]. Sharma, A. K., Tiwari, A. K., & Dixit, A. R. (2016). Effects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) in machining processes using conventional and nanofluid based cutting fluids: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 1-18.

[23]. Sharma, J., & Sidhu, B.S. (2014). Investigation of effects of dry and near dry machining on AISI D2 steel using vegetable oil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 66, 619-623.

[24]. Shihab, S. K., Khan, Z. A., Mohammad, A., & Siddiquee, A. N. (2014). A review of turning of hard steels used in bearing and automotive applications. Production & Manufacturing Research, 2(1), 24-49.

[25]. Su, Y., Gong, L., Li, B., Liu, Z., & Chen, D. (2016). Performance evaluation of nanofluid MQL with vegetable-based oil and ester oil as base fluids in turning. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 83, 2083-2089.

[26]. Walker, T. (2013). The MQL Handbook: A guide to machining with Minimum Quantity Lubrication. Unist Inc.

[27]. Wang, C. D., Chen, M., An, Q. L., Wang, M., & Zhu, Y. H. (2014). Tool wear performance in face milling Inconel 182 using minimum quantity lubrication with different nozzle positions. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 15(3), 557-565.

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Research Paper

Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Using IoT Technology

M. Aravind Kumar* , Srinivas Bachu, I. V. Subba Reddy*

* Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GVVIT Engineering College, Bheemavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GNITC (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

* Associate Professor, Department of Physics, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Kumar, M.A., Bachu, S., and Reddy, I.V.S. (2017). Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcer By Using IoT Technology. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13762

Abstract

Diabetic patients generally develop the complications of foot ulcers, breaking down of the skin tissue in the case poorly controlled diabetics. As the numbers of diabetic patient are increasing globally with the change in the lifestyle, the measures for the early detection of the diabetic related problems are gaining medical importance. Diabetic patients develop foot ulcers because of improper blood flow, loss of the sensation, and low wound healing rate. The proposed paper presents a system, which will provide readings of the hardness level at various parts of the foot. This is done by placing the person's foot above the sensing module. A predefined database comparison is made, and the shore output is posted on the internet by using IP address, and also data can be stored with the help of a micro-SD card.

References

[1]. Aishwarya, V. V., & Bai, V. T. (2010, November). Design and development of an embedded system for measuring hardness of foot in diabetic patients. In Sustainable Utilization and Development in Engineering and Technology (STUDENT), 2010 IEEE Conference on (pp. 81-85). IEEE.

[2]. Armstrong, D. G., & Lavery, L. A. (1996). Monitoring neuropathic ulcer healing with infrared dermal thermometry. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 35(4), 335-338.

[3]. Armstrong, D. G., Holtz-Neiderer, K., Wendel, C., Mohler, M. J., Kimbriel, H. R., & Lavery, L. A. (2007). Skin temperature monitoring reduces the risk for diabetic foot ulceration in high-risk patients. The American Journal of Medicine, 120(12), 1042-1046.

[4]. Armstrong, D. G., Lavery, L. A., Liswood, P. J., Todd, W. F., & Tredwell, J. A. (1997). Infrared dermal thermometry for the high-risk diabetic foot. Physical Therapy, 77(2), 169- 175.

[5]. Bakker, K., Apelqvist, J., & Schaper, N. C. (2012). Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 28(S1), 225-231.

[6]. Bharara, M., Cobb, J. E., & Claremont, D. J. (2006). Thermography and thermometry in the assessment of diabetic neuropathic foot: A case for furthering the role of thermal techniques. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 5(4), 250-260.

[7]. Bharara, M., Schoess, J., & Armstrong, D. G. (2012). Coming events cast their shadows before: Detecting inflammation in the acute diabetic foot and the foot in remission. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 28(S1), 15-20.

[8]. Boulton, A. J., Vileikyte, L., Ragnarson-Tennvall, G., & Apelqvist, J. (2005). The global burden of diabetic foot disease. The Lancet, 366(9498), 1719-1724.

[9]. Lavery, L. A., Higgins, K. R., Lanctot, D. R., Constantinides, G. P., Zamorano, R. G., Armstrong, D. G. et al. (2004). Home monitoring of foot skin temperatures to prevent ulceration. Diabetes Care, 27(11), 2642-2647.

[10]. Roback, K. (2010). An overview of temperature monitoring devices for early detection of diabetic foot disorders. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 7(5), 711- 718.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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* Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom. ** Professor, Department of Design and Craft Education, Iceland University of Education, Iceland.

Page, T., and Thorsteinsson, G. (2017). Benefits of Using Human Centred Design Methods in Industrial Design. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13757

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* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India. ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India *** Principal, TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

Mudassir,S., Hussai, M. M., and Shankar, D.V.R. (2017). Quasi-Static Indentation Tests on Polyurethane and Phenolic Foam Sandwich Panels. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13758

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Bhuvaneshwari, M., and Sangeetha, K.(2017). Development of Water Hyacinth Nonwoven Fabrics for Thermal Insulatio. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13759

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Sunil Kadiyan* , Brijnandan Singh Dehiya**

* Research Scholar, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India.

Kadiyan,S., and Dehiya, B.S. (2017). Importance of E-Cap Die Design for Producing Improved Hardness and Ultra Fine Grains of Aluminum Alloy-6xxx Series. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13760

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The Effectiveness of Various Cutting Fluids on the Surface Roughness of AISI 1045 Steel During Turning Operation Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication System

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* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.

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Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Using IoT Technology

M. Aravind Kumar* , Srinivas Bachu**, I. V. Subba Reddy***

Kumar, M.A., Bachu, S., and Reddy, I.V.S. (2017). Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcer By Using IoT Technology. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.13.1.13762

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Senior Lecturer, Loughborough Design School, United Kingdom.

** Professor, Department of Design and Craft Education, Iceland University of Education, Iceland.

Syed Mudassir* , M. Manzoor Hussain, D. V. Ravi Shankar*

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India

* Principal, TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

* Research Scholar, Department of Textiles and Apparel Design, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

** Professor and Head, Department of Textiles and Apparel Design, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

* Research Scholar, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, DCR University of Science and Technology,Murthal, Haryana, India.

* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.

M. Aravind Kumar* , Srinivas Bachu, I. V. Subba Reddy*