i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Optimization of Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant using Three Different Types of Fuel
Efficient Shopping: RFID-Powered Cart with Automated Billing System
Medical Drone System for Automated External Defibrillator Shock Delivery for Cardiac Arrest Patients
A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
Review on Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation for Brain Tumor Detection

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 4 May - July 2017

Article

Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency

Faheem Ahmed Malik*

School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain.

Malik,F.A. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology,12(4),1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13625

Abstract

In the early 20 century, people shifted from horse drawn vehicles to motorized vehicles. In the mid 21 century, we will be changing to Autonomous Vehicles (AV). There are certain perceptions about the safety, fuel efficiency, and the sustainability of autonomous vehicles. To justify huge investment that is required for the same and the required behavior driver change, sustainability and fuel efficiency are to be evaluated. This article looks at these challenges that Autonomous vehicles are facing and it is essential to evaluate them properly. It is also essential to evaluate the benefits of AVs in terms of these challenges. In this present world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), any development in the developed countries has direct impact on the developing countries, even the opinions of the people. AVs present a lot of challenges and opportunities for developing countries such as India.

References

[1]. Barth, M., & Boriboonsomsin, K. (2008). Real-world carbon dioxide impacts of traffic congestion. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2058, 163-171.

[2]. Carsten, O. (2015). Presentation on Automated Driving. Australian International Driverless Vehicle Conference.

[3]. Department for Transport (2016a). Advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle technologies: Supporting their use in the UK.(Accessed: 17 November 2016).

[4]. Department for Transport (2016b). Reported road casualties in Great Britain: Main results 2015. Published June 2016.(Accessed 19/11/16).

[5]. Department for Transport, (2016c). Pathway to Driverless Cars: Proposals to support advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle technologies.

[6]. Department for Transport, (2015a). The Pathway to Driverless Cars: A Code of Practice for testing.

[7]. Department for Transport, (2015b). The Pathway to Driverless Cars: A detailed review of regulations for automated vehicle technologies.

[8]. Fagnant, D. J., & Kockelman, K. (2015). Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: Opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77, 167-181.

[9]. Keating, L. (2015). The Driverless Car Debate: How Safe are Autonomous Vehicles? TechTimes, 28.

[10]. Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R. & de Winter, J. C. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127-140.

[11] . Litma n, T. (2016) . Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions Implications for Transport Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

[12]. Mersky, A. C. & Samaras, C. (2016). Fuel economy testing of autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 65, 31-48.

[13]. Miller, S. A. & Heard, B. R. (2016). The Environmental Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Depends on Adoption Patterns. Environmental Science and Technology, 50(12), 6119.

[14]. Morrow III, W. R., Greenblatt, J. B., Sturges, A., Saxena, S., Gopal, A., Millstein, D. & Gilmore, E. A. (2014). Key factors influencing autonomous vehicles' energy and environmental outcome. In Road Vehicle Automation, (pp. 127-135). Springer International Publishing.

[15]. Sanaullah, I., Hussain, A., Chaudhry, A., Case, K. & Enoch, M. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles in Developing Countries: A Case Study on User's View Point in Pakistan. In Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation (pp. 561- 569). Springer International Publishing

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Article

Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra**

* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Gandotra,S., and Pungotra,H. (2017). Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13627

Abstract

Conventional Computer-Aided Design (CCAD) systems assist the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a detailed design. Designer requires extensive geometric modeling and engineering analysis to enhance designer productivity, quality of design, design documentation, and to create manufacturing database. However, these highly precise and sophisticated software tools cannot help in conceptual design phase because the artistic activities involved during the detailed design phase are less formulaic during conceptual designing. In the initial phase of product design, the specifications cannot be thoroughly recognized and recommended. The designer needs to modify product specifications to study the product behavior regarding different design attributes like shape, strength, surface roughness, ergonomics, and many other aspects. Hence, the industrial designers continue to explore new tools, which can provide the designer more freedom to modify product design artistically and technically. Virtual Reality (VR) and haptics technology provide the opportunity to collaborate the artistic phase of design with the conceptual design phase. The visualization of the model with material properties will be easy to interpret. The collision detection can automatically report the geometric contact when it occurs or about to occur. The physics-based modeling will help to measure the deformation during the collision. In the present paper, the authors have presented effective and efficient tools for the conceptual design in virtual reality environment.

References

[1]. Astheimer, P., Dai, F., Felger, W., Göbel, M., & Haase, H. (1995). Virtual Design II–An advanced VR system for industrial applications. In Proc. Virtual Reality World'95 (pp. 337–363).

[2]. Bloomenthal, J. (1997). The Geometry of Implicit Surfaces. In Introduction to Implicit Surfaces, 3–51.

[3]. Bordegoni, M., & Cugini, U. (2005). Create free-form rd digital shapes with hands. In Proceedings of the 3 International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Australasia and South East Asia, (pp. 429–432). ACM.

[4]. Burdea, G. C. (1999). Haptic Feedback for Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality and Prototyping Workshop, (pp. 17–29).

[5]. Bosdogan C. Ho, M. A. S. S. D. S., & Dawson, S. L. (1998). Force Interaction in Laparoscopic Simulation: Haptics Rendering of Soft Tissues. In Proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality (MMVR '98), (Vol. 50, pp. 28–31).

[6]. Capin, T. K., Noser, H., Thalmann, D., Pandzic, I. S., & Thalmann, N. M. (1997). Virtual human representation and communication in VLNet. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 17(2), 42–53.

[7]. Cotin, S., Delingette, H., Bro-Nielsen, M., Ayache, N., Clément, J. M., Tassetti, V., et al. (1996). Geometric and physical representations for a simulator of hepatic surgery. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 29, 139–151.

[8]. Dani, T. H., & Gadh, R. (1997). Creation of concept shape designs via a virtual reality interface. Computer- Aided Design, 29(8), 555–563.

[9]. del Rio, A., Bartz, D., Jager, R., Gurvit, O., & Freudenstein, D. (2003). Efficient stereoscopic rendering in virtual endoscopy applications. In WSCG'2003 (Vol.11, pp. 95–101).

[10]. Di Gironimo, G., Lanzotti, A., & Vanacore, A. (2006). Concept design for quality in virtual environment. Computers & Graphics, 30(6), 1011-1019.

[11]. Duriez, C., Dubois, F., Kheddar, A., & Andriot, C. (2006). Realistic Haptic Rendering of Interactive Deformable Objects in Virtual Environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(1), 36–47.

[12]. Flanagan, W., & Earnshaw, R. (1997). Meeting the future at the University of Michigan Media Union. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 17(3), 15–19.

[13]. Galoppo, N., Tekin, S., Otaduy, M. A., Gross, M. & Lin, M. C. (2007, July). Interactive haptic rendering of highresolution deformable objects. In International Conference on Virtual Reality (pp. 215-223). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

[14]. Gao, Z., & Gibson, I. (2006). Haptic sculpting of multiresolution B-spline surfaces with shaped tools. CAD Computer Aided Design, 38(6), 661–676.

[15]. Gobbetti, E., & Scateni, R. (1998). Virtual reality: Past, present and future. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 58, 3–20.

[16]. Hayward, V., Astley, O. R., Cruz-Hernandez, M., Grant, D., & Robles-De-La-Torre, G. (2004). Haptic interfaces and devices. Sensor Review, 24(1), 16–29.

[17]. Hermann, E., Raffin, B., & Faure, F. (2009). Interactive Physical Simulation on Multicore Architectures. In Time, 1–8.

[18]. Holloway, R., & Lastra, A. (1995). Virtual environments: A survey of the technology. SIGGRAPH'95 Course, 1–40.

[19]. Hubbard, P. M. (1993). Interactive collision detection. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Research Frontiers in Virtual Reality (pp. 24–31).

[20]. Igwe, P. C., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2008). Developing alternative design concepts in VR environments using volumetric self-organizing feature maps. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 19(6), 661- 675.

[21]. Iwata, H., Yano, H., Nakaizumi, F., & Kawamura, R. (2001). Project FEELEX: Adding Haptic Surface to th Graphics. In Proceedings of the 28 Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. (pp. 469–476).

[22]. Jiménez, P., Thomas, F., & Torras, C. (2001). 3D collision detection: A survey. Computers and Graphics (Pergamon), 25(2), 269–285.

[23]. Kim, D., Heo, J.-P., & Yoon, S. (2009). PCCD: parallel continuous collision detection. In SIGGRAPH '09: Posters (p. 50), ACM.

[24]. Knopf, G. K., Sangole, A., & Igwe, P. (2003). Parameterization of scattered surface points using a SOFM. Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural Networks, 13, 33-38.

[25]. Knopf, G. K., & Sangole, A. (2004). Interpolating scattered data using 2D self-organizing feature maps. Graphical Models, 66(1), 50-69.

[26]. Knopf, G. K., & Pungotra, H. (2007). Visual Exploration of Numeric Data Using 3D Self Organizing Feature Maps. In Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural Networks, (Vol. 17). ASME Press.

[27]. Kockara, S., Halic, T., Iqbal, K., Bayrak, C., & Rowe, R. (2007). Collision detection: A survey. In Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 4046–4051).

[28]. Koschan, A. (1993). What is new in computational stereo since 1989: A survey on current stereo papers. Technische Universität Berlin, Fachbereich 20, Informatik.

[30]. Laycock, S. D., & Day, A. M. (2003). Recent developments and applications of haptic devices. Computer Graphics Forum, 22(2), 117–132.

[31]. Lin, M. C., Baxter, W., Foskey, M., Otaduy, M. A., & Scheib, V. (2002). Haptic interaction for creative processes with simulated media. Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (pp. 598–604).

[32]. Liu, X., Dodds, G., McCartney, J., & Hinds, B. K. (2005). Manipulation of CAD surface models with haptics based on shape control functions. CAD Computer Aided Design, 37(14), 1447–1458.

[33]. Magnenat-thalmann, N., & Egges, A. (2006). Interactive Virtual Humans in Real-Time Virtual Environments. IJVR, 5(2), 15–24.

[34]. Massie, T. H., & Salisbury, J. K. (1994). The PHANTOM Haptic Interface: A device for probing Virtual Objects. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 55, 1–6.

[35]. Mine, M. R. (1995). Virtual environment interaction techniques. UNC Chapel Hill Computer Science Technical Report TR95-018.

[36]. Mine, M. R. (1997). ISAAC: A meta-cad system for virtual environments. Computer-Aided Design, 29(8), 547–553.

[37]. Morris, R. (2009). The Fundamentals of Product Design. Bloomsbury Publishing.

[38]. Nedel, L. P., & Thalmann, D. (1998). Real time muscle deformations using mass-spring systems. In Proceedings Computer Graphics International (pp. 156–165).

[39]. Pan, Y., & Marchese, F. T. (2004). A peer-to-peer collaborative 3D virtual environment for visualization. Visualization and Data Analysis 2004, 5295, 180–188.

[40]. Pungotra, H. (2012). Virtual Reality in Concept Design. AMAE International Journal on Manufacturing, 2(1).

[41]. Pungotra, H., Knopf, G. K. & Canas, R. (2010). Representation of objects in virtual reality environment st using B-spline blending matrices. In 21 IASTED Int. Conference on Modeling and Simulation (MS 2010). (pp. 281–288).

[42]. Pungotra, H., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2008). Efficient algorithm to detect collision between deformable B-spline surfaces for virtual sculpting. CAD Computer Aided Design, 40(10–11), 1055–1066.

[43]. Pungotra, H., Knopf, G. K., & Canas, R. (2009). Novel collision detection algorithm for physics-based simulation of deformable B-spline shapes. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 6(1), 43–54.

[44]. Schuemie, M. J., van der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & van der Mast, C. A. (2001). Research on Presence in Virtual Reality: A Survey. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 4(2), 183–201.

[45]. Sener, B., Wormald, P., & Campbell, I. (2002). Evaluating a Haptic Modelling System with Industrial Designers. In EuroHaptics International Conference, 8–10.

[46]. Sheridan, T. B. (1997). Human and machine haptics in historical perspective. Workshop on Human and Machine Haptics.

[47]. Srinivasan, M. A., & Basdogan, C. (1997). Haptics in virtual environments: Taxonomy, research status, and challenges. Computers & Graphics, 21(4), 393–40.

[48]. Tang, M., Manocha, D., & Tong, R. (2009). Multi-core Collision Detection Between Deformable Models. In SIAM/ACM Joint Conference on Geometric and Physical Modeling, (pp. 355–360).

[49]. Teschner, M., Kimmerle, S., Heidelberger, B., Zachmann, G., Raghupathi, L., Fuhrmann, A., et al. (2005). Collision Detection for Deformable Objects. Computer Graphics Forum, 24(3), 61–81.

[50]. Thompson II, T. V., Johnson, D. E., & Cohen, E. (1997, April). Direct haptic rendering of sculptured models. In Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (pp. 167-176). ACM

[51]. Trika, S. N., Banerjeet, P., & Kashyap, R. L. (1997). Virtual reality interfaces for feature-based computeraided design systems. Computer-Aided Design, 29(8), 565–574.

[52]. Ye, J. (2005). Integration of virtual reality techniques into computer aided product design. Loughborough University.

[53]. Ye, J., Campbell, R., Page, T., & Badni, K. (2006). An investigation into the implementation of virtual reality technologies in support of conceptual design. Design Studies, 27(1), 77–97.

[54]. Zhai, S., & Milgram, P. (1998). Quantifying coordination in multiple DOF movement and its application to evaluating 6 DOF input devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '98, (pp. 320–327).

[55]. Zienkiewicz, O. C., Taylor, R. L., & Zhu, J. Z. (2013). The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals. Elsevier, Inc.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis

Vivekanandan N.*

Scientist-B, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanadan,N. (2017). Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13628

Abstract

Quantitative information on the low-flows regime of a stream is of utmost importance while making decisions on varied water resources management issues. The paper details a study on estimation of low-flows using 2-parameter Log- Normal (LN2) and Weibull (WB2) distributions for river Periyar at Neeleswaram site. The maximum likelihood method is used for determination of parameters of the distributions. Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) tests, viz., Chi-square and Kolmogorov- Smirnov are used for checking the adequacy of fitting of LN2 and WB2 distributions to the series of annual minimum d-day average flows for different durations of 'd', such as 7-, 10-, 14-, and 30-days. Model Performance Indicators, viz., correlation coefficient and root mean square error is used to evaluate the performance of the probability distributions adopted in frequency analysis of low-flows with a specific objective to identify the best suitable distribution amongst LN2 and WB2 studied for estimation of low-flows. The GoF test results and values of MPIs indicate the WB2 is better suited distribution for estimation of low-flows at Neeleswaram site. Low-flow frequency curves using LN2 and WB2 distributions are developed and presented in the paper.

References

[1]. Ahn, T. J., Lyu, H. J., Yo, W. S., & Park, J. E. (1998). Frequency analysis of low flows at gaged points of the Ansung stream. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2(1), 23-33.

[2]. Ang, H. S., & Tang, H. W., (1984). Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design. M/s John Wiley and Sons Publications Limited, USA.

[3]. Arora K., & Singh, V. P., (1987). On statistical intercomparison of EV1 estimators by Monte Carlo simulation. Advances in Water Resources, 10(2), 87-107.

[4]. Bowers, M.C., Tung, W.W., & Gao, J.B., (2012). On the distributions of seasonal river flows: Lognormal or power law? Water Resources Research, 48, Paper ID. W05536, 1- 12.

[5]. D'Agostino, R. B. & Stephens, M. A. (1986). Goodnessof- Fit Techniques. M/s Marcel Dekkar Inc., New York 10016, USA.

[6]. Durrans, S.R. (1996). Low-flow analysis with a conditional Weibull tail model. Water Resources Research, 32(6), 1749–1760.

[7]. Gotvald, A.J., (2017). Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and mean annual flow for ungaged locations on streams in North Georgia. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017– 5001.

[8]. Horn, S.D., (1977). Goodness-of-Fit tests for discrete data; A Review and an application to a health impairment scale. Biometrics, 33(1), 237-248.

[9]. Jain, S. K., Agarwal P. K., & Singh, V. P. (2007). Hydrology and Water Resources in India. Water Science & Technology Library, M/s Springer Link Publications, Netherlands, ISSN No. 0921-092X, Vol. 57.

[10]. Lee, K. S., & Kim, S. U. (2008). Identification of uncertainty in low-flow frequency analysis using Bayesian MCMC method. Journal of Hydrological Processes, 22(12), 1949–1964.

[11]. Nathan, R. J., & McMahon, T. A. (1990). Practical aspects of low-flow frequency analysis. Water Resources Research, 26(9), 2135-2141.

[12]. Önöz, B., & Bayazit, M. (2001). Power distribution for low streamflows. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 6(5), 429–435.

[13]. Randall, A. D., & Freehafer, D. A., (2017). Estimation of low-flow statistics at ungaged sites on streams in the Lower Hudson River Basin, New York, from data in geographic information systems. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5019, 1-42.

[14]. Ries III, K. G., (2012). Estimation of low-flow duration discharges in Massachusetts. United States Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper No. 2418.

[15]. Vogel, R. M., & Kroll, C. N. (1990). Generalised lowflow frequency relationships for ungauged sites in Massachusetts. Water Resources Bulletin, 26(2), 241-253.

[16]. Yue, S., & Wang, C.Y. (2004). Possible regional probability distribution type of Canadian annual stream flow by L-moments. Water Resources Management, 18(5), 425–438.

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater usingSpent Tea Extract (STE)

Dr. S.V.A.R. Sastry* , Sarva Rao B**

*-** Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagaram, India.

Sastry, S.V.A.R., and Rao, B.S. (2017). Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE).i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13629

Abstract

There are many mineral processing industries generating huge amount of effluents containing metals, such as Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, and Copper. These metals stay over for millions of years and also pollute the water bodies. This work presents the study of the capturing of copper ions from wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE). Experiments were piloted to discover the factors influencing adsorption kinetics. Based on the previous work, the following optimum conditions were established: Adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g (in 50 ml solution), pH of 5 and temperature of 30 °C. The adsorption capacity was highest at solution pH 5. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied using pseudo-second order equation, and Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature played a significant role in the rate of adsorption. The percentage removal of Cu(II) was higher initially and reached equilibrium after 30 min. The maximum removal rate for Cu(II) was 59.84%. The examination of kinetics and adsorption isotherm revealed that the sorption experiments fitted well with the pseudo-second order equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively.

References

[1]. Abdullah, M. A., Chiang, L. & Nadeem, M. (2009). Comparative evaluation of adsorption kinetics and isotherms of a natural product removal by Amberlite polymeric adsorbents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 146(3), 370-376.

[2]. Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K. & Williams, R. A. (2007). Tea waste as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 132(1-3), 299-309.

[3]. ASTM E478-08 (2017). Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org

[4]. Aydin, H., Bulut, Y., & Yerlikaya, C. (2008). Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto lowcost adsorbents. Journal of Environmental Management, 87(1), 37-45.

[5]. Azizian, S. (2004). Kinetic models of sorption: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 276(1), 47-52.

[6]. Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M., Dada, &Langmuir, O. (2012). Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin– Radushkevich Isotherms studies of equilibrium Sorption of 2+ Zn unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk. J. Appl. Chem., 3(1), 38-45.

[7]. Deng, L., Su, Y., Su, H., Wang, X., & Zhu, X. (2006). Biosorption of copper (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions by nonliving green algae Cladophora fascicularis: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Environmental Effects. Adsorption, 12(4), 267-277.

[8]. Dutta B.K. (2009). Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes. Wiley Online Library.

[9]. Febrianto, J., Kosasih, A. N., Sunarso, J., Ju, Y. H., Indraswati, N., & Ismadji, S. (2009). Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: A summary of recent studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162(2), 616-645.

[10]. Krishnan, K. A., Sreejalekshmi, K. G., Vimexen, V., & Dev, V. V. (2016). Evaluation of adsorption properties of sulphurised activated carbon for the effective and economically viable removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solutions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124, 418-425.

[11]. Malkoc E. & Nuhoglu Y. (2007). Potential of tea factory waste for chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Sep. Purif. Technol., 54, 291-298.

[12]. Mishra, S. R. & Chandra, R. (2017). Kinetics and isotherm studies for the adsorption of metal ions onto two soil types. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 7(1), 87-101.

[13]. Sastry, S. V. A. R. & Rao, B. S. (2016). Studies on adsorption of Cu (II) using Spent Tea Extract (STE) from Industrial wastewater. i-manager's Journal of Future Engineering & Technology, 11(3), 1-7.

[14]. Treybal R.E. (1980). Mass Transfer Operations, 3 Edition. McGraw-Hill International Editions. i-

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Research Paper

Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂ Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik, R. D. Padhiar, S. S. Rana, N. K. Chavda

- UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630

Abstract

Flat plate collectors are widely used collectors in many domestic and industrial applications to harvest freely available and environmentally safe source of energy, i.e. solar energy. Many researches are carried out to make the system cost effective by reducing the installation cost, increasing the efficiency, etc. The application nanotechnology in the form of various nanofluids as working medium in solar flat plat collectors is a relatively recent trend. Nanofluid exhibits enhanced thermal properties as it is the two phase mixture of solid nanoparticles having less than 100 nm diameter and base fluid, which in turn enhances the thermal performance of the system of application. Few investigations have been reported to evaluate the performance of solar flat plate collector using SiO₂ nanofluid. In the present paper, thermal performance of solar flat plate collector using SiO₂ nanofluid has been experimentally evaluated in terms of efficiency of solar flat plate collector at different volume fractions (0.01% to 0.1%) of SiO₂ nanofluid. It has been experimentally confirmed that outlet temperature and efficiency of solar flat plate increases when SiO₂ nanofluid is used as compared to water upto 0.08% volume fraction and then it decreases. The maximum value of outlet temperature and efficiency of solar flat plate collector obtained for the case of 0.08% volume fraction of SiO₂ nanofluid are 55.78^oC and 52.02%, respectively which are 55.78% and 80.40% higher than water as working fluid.

References

[1]. Alim, M. A., Abdin, Z., Saidur, R., Hepbasli, A., Khairul, M. A., & Rahim, N. A. (2013). Analyses of entropy generation and pressure drop for a conventional flat plate solar collector using different types of metal oxide nanofluids. Energy and Buildings, 66, 289-296.

[2]. ASHRAE Standard 93-86, (2003). Methods of Testing to determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors. ASHRAE: Atlanta.

[3]. Chavda, N. K. (2015). Effect of Nanofluid on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger: Part-II: Effect of Copper Oxide Nanofluid. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 688-697.

[4]. Chol, S. U. S. & Eastman, J. A. (1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASMEPublications- Fed, 231, 99-106.

[5]. Faizal, M., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., & Alim, M. A. (2013). Energy, economic and environmental analysis of metal oxides nanofluid for flat-plate solar collector. Energy Conversion and Management, 76, 162-168.

[6]. Faizal, M., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., Hepbasli, A., & Mahbubul, I. M. (2015). Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a flat-plate solar collector operated with SiO . Clean Technologies and 2 Environmental Policy, 17(6), 1457-1473.

[7]. Hussein, A. K. (2016). Applications of nanotechnology to improve the performance of solar collectors - Recent advances and overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 767-792.

[8]. Mahian, O., Kianifar, A., Sahin, A. Z., & Wongwises, S. (2014). Performance analysis of a minichannel-based solar collector using different nanofluids. Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 129-138.

[9]. Meibodi, S. S., Kianifar, A., Niazmand, H., Mahian, O., & Wongwises, S. (2015). Experimental investigation on the thermal efficiency and performance characteristics of a flat plate solar collector using SiO /EG–water nanofluids. 2 International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 65, 71-75.

[10]. Noghrehabadi, A. R., Hajidavaloo, E., & Moravej, M. (2016a). Experimental investigation of efficiency of square flat-plate solar collector using SiO /water 2 nanofluid. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 8, 378- 386.

[11]. Noghrehabadi, A. R., Hajidavaloo, E., & Moravej, M. (2016b). An experimental investigation on the performance of a symmetric conical solar collector using SiO /water nanofluid. Transport Phenomena Nano Micro 2 Scales, 5(1), 23-29.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Most Read

Most Cited

Volume 12 Issue 4 May - July 2017

Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency

Faheem Ahmed Malik*

School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain.

Malik,F.A. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology,12(4),1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13625

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra**

* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Gandotra,S., and Pungotra,H. (2017). Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13627

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis

Vivekanandan N.*

Scientist-B, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanadan,N. (2017). Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13628

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater usingSpent Tea Extract (STE)

Dr. S.V.A.R. Sastry* , Sarva Rao B**

*-** Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagaram, India.

Sastry, S.V.A.R., and Rao, B.S. (2017). Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE).i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13629

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO2 Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik**, R. D. Padhiar***, S. S. Rana****, N. K. Chavda*****

*-**** UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India. ***** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO2. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630

Abstract

References

Full Article (HTML)

Pdf

* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂ Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik, R. D. Padhiar, S. S. Rana, N. K. Chavda

- UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630