i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Optimization of Simple Gas Turbine Power Plant using Three Different Types of Fuel
Efficient Shopping: RFID-Powered Cart with Automated Billing System
Medical Drone System for Automated External Defibrillator Shock Delivery for Cardiac Arrest Patients
A Critical Review on Biodiesel Production, Process Parameters, Properties, Comparison and Challenges
Review on Deep Learning Based Image Segmentation for Brain Tumor Detection

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Volume 12 Issue 1 August - October 2016

Article

Risk Analysis of Instrument Tubing Failures along with its Mitigation Path

Anand Srivastava* , Sheikh Rafik Manihar Ahmed**

* Project Management, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

** Control Systems Engineer, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

Srivastava, A., and Sheikh Ahmed, R. M. (2016). Risk Analysis of Instrument Tubing Failures along with its Mitigation Path. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8207

Abstract

This paper explains the various causes of an instrument tubing failure, risk involved and the mitigation path to avoid such incidents in plants. These impulse tubings are employed/installed to measure pressure, flow and levels in a system and/or equipment. Corrosion on tubing fittings, incorrect installation (either due to poor workmanship or non compliance of installation/process hookup), use of incorrect tools, faulty or ignored nuts & ferrule compression fittings, inadequate design tubing support systems, mishandling & improper storage of tube and its fitting are some of the root causes. These lead to a number of problems, including safety issues, plant breakdown, costly regulatory agency fines, higher maintenance cost, energy loss and environmental hazards. The risk involved in an instrument tubing failure relates to process safety hazards, such as loss of containment due to crack in the affected tubing that leads to fugitive emissions, fires, explosions and other employee safety issues. The most serious problems occur when instrument tubing and its fitting component fails causing leakage of process fluid such as gasoline, oil, gas or other volatile, corrosive fluid (sulphur compounds) or toxic gases (such as H S). These can cause fires, explosions or other serious safety hazards such as toxic 2 chemical, gas leakage or acid spraying onto field craft. Generally, tubing failure cases are noticeable in areas such as booster stations, turbine driven pumps, compressors systems, tubing connection for pressure, flow transmitters & pressure gauge, areas where vibrations are present such as pipe racks (with air coolers), and platforms of vibration sources (turbine or diesel generator). The paper details out the possible reasons, hazards and suggested mitigation path to achieve improved availability.

References

[1]. Gerhard Schiroky, Anibal Dam, Akinyemi and Charlie speed, (2013). “Pitting and crevice corrosion of offshore stainless steel tubing”. Offshore Magazine.

[2]. Steve Mullen, (2002). “Appropriate practices avoid tube fitting failures”. Oil & Gas Journal.

[3]. “An installer's Pocket guide for Swagelok”, Tube fittings, MS-13-151, Swagelok.

[4]. Instrument Tubing Fitting Installation Manual, Bulletin 4200-B4, Parker, Retrieved on February, 2006, from www.parker.com.

[5]. ISA-RP42.00.01-200, “Nomenclature for Instrument Tube Fittings”, ISA- The Instrumentation Systems, and Automation Society, ISBN: 1-55617-784-4.

[6]. “Mechanical Integrity of Tubing”, AIChE Technology Alliance Center for Chemical Process Safety, Issue No: 002.

[7]. “Instrument Tubing Failure: Resulting in a Serious Injury”, ENFORM: The Safety Association for Canada's Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Issue #: 10-2011.

[8]. Andrew Fortunka, (2006). “The Trouble with Tubing Fittings”. Stantec Consulting.

[9]. “Vibration and Stainless Tubing Failure”.

[10]. K.C. Upreti, Dwaipayan Banerjee, (2013). “Preventing Small Bore Piping/Tubing Failures in Reciprocating Compressors”, ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, ISBN: 978- 0-7918-5520-1.

[11]. Brian C. Howes, Chris B. Harper, “Vibration Related Failures of Small-Bore Attachments”. Beta Machinery Analysis Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada, T3C 0J7.

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Research Paper

Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Robotics for the NASA Deep Space Habitat

Edward Li* , Tony Tong, Ravi Dahiwala*

* Senior Student, Fairfield Warde High School, Connecticut, USA.

-* Master Degree Student, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA.

Li, E., Tong, T., and Dahiwala, R. (2016). Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Robotics for the NASA Deep Space Habitat. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8208

Abstract

Recently, there has been a tremendous growth of NASA robotic missions in planetary science. These missions have provided vital discoveries, including the determination of water-ice deposits at the moon's surface, as well as potential environments on Mars where human and plant life could flourish. The development and improvement of robotic systems integrate the scientific technology of robotic system design and engineering analysis. One robotics that will be applied to NASA deep space habitat has been studied via computer-aided design and numerical simulation in this research. The aim of this research is to study a simple and flexible robotic system for NASA lunar research. The purpose of the computational simulation and analysis is to optimize the robotic system for a better function. The methodologies of computer-aided 3D modeling, finite element method, and structural analysis are applied to study and identify the system's function including structural deformation and equivalent stress of designed robotics. The analytical results can be used to validate the functional reliability and to support future research of robotic systems.

References

[1]. Cherubini, A., Passama, R., Crosnier, A., Lasnier, A., & Fraisse, P. (2016). “Collaborative manufacturing with physical human–robot interaction”. Journal of Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 40, pp. 1- 13.

[2]. Jeremy Li, (2014). “Study and Analysis of a New Automated and High Speed Mechanical System for Computer Mouse Assembly”. Journal of Mechatronics, Vol. 2, pp. 109-112.

[3]. Zhang, J., Fang, X., & Qi, L. (2016). “Sensitivity-analysis based method in single-robot cells cost-effective design and optimization”. Journal of Robotics and Computer- Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 38, pp. 9-15.

[4]. Messay, T., Ordóñez, R., & Marcil, E. (2016). “Computationally efficient and robust kinematic calibration methodologies and their application to industrial robots”. Journal of Robotics and Computer- Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 37, pp. 33-48.

[5]. Jeremy Li, (2011). “Design and Development of a New Automated and High Speed Gas Filling Systems”. Journal of Mechanical Engineering (International Scholarly Research Network), Vol. 1, pp. 1-4.

[6]. Shackleford, W., Cheok, G., Hong, T., Saidi, K., & Shneier, M., (2016). “Performance Evaluation of Human Detection Systems for Robot Safety”. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 12-18.

[7]. Jeremy Li, (2011). “A New Automated and High Speed Machinery System for High Viscous Liquids”. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials, pp. 140-145.

[8]. Jahanpour, J., Motallebi, M., & Porghoveh, M., (2016). “A Novel Trajectory Planning Scheme for Parallel Machining Robots Enhanced with NURBS Curves”. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 24-30.

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Research Paper

Performance Analysis of an IC Engine with Bio-Blended-Diesel Using Mustard Oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil

Venkatesh B* , Prasanthi**

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India..

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Venkatesh, B., and Prasanthi, G.(2016). Performance Analysis of an IC Engine with Bio-Blended-Diesel Using Mustard Oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8210

Abstract

The increasing energy demand, surging oil prices, depleting oil reserves and environmental pollution problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have sparked renewed interest to find out clean alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. It can reduce Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC) and Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions, compared with diesel fuel, but there is also an increase in Nitrogen Oxides (NO ) x emission. Perversely, so many experiments are conducted on single blended bio-diesel. This paper concentrated on two different bio-diesels blend with diesel. The two bio-fuels are Calophyllum oil and Mustarded oil used for controlling emissions and at the same time improving the performance of an engine. For a last two decades, alternative fuel work has been done for improving the engine performance with single blend. This paper aims to examine the efficiency of diesel by blending two bio-diesels, namely Mustard oil and Calophyllum oil with methyl esters. The different blended oils are tested and its performance was compared, among them B20 (10% M+10% C+ 80% D) is the best blend.

References

[1]. A.E. Atabani, A.S. Silitonga, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H. Masjuki, and S. Mekhilef, (2012). “A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, pp. 2070– 2093.

[2]. A. Sanjid, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, S.M. Ashrafur Rahman, M.J. Abedin, and S.M. Palash, (2013). “Impact of palm, mustard, waste cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum biofuels on performance and emission of CI engine”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 27, pp. 664-682.

[3]. Zheljazkov V.D, Vick B., Ebelhar M.W., Buehring N., and Astatkie T., (2012). “Nitrogen applications modify seed and oil yields and fatty acid composition of winter mustard”. Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 36, pp. 28–32.

[4]. Gunasekera C.P, Martin L.D, Siddique K.H.M, and Walton GH., (2006). “Genotype by environment interactions of Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea L.) and canola (Brassicanapus L.) in Mediterranean – type environments: II. Oil and protein concentrations inseed”. European Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 25, pp.13–21.

[5]. Belagur V., and Reddy V., (2010). “Influence of fuel injection rate on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of DI diesel engine running on Calophyllum inophyllum Linn oil (Honne Oil)/diesel fuel blend”. SAE Technical Paper.

[6]. Venkanna B.K, and Venkataramana R.C., (2009). “Biodiesel production and optimization from Calophyllum inophyllum linn oil (honne oil)—a three stage method”. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100 (21).

[7]. Hathurusingha S., Ashwath N., and Midmore D., (2011). “Provenance variations in seed-related characters and oil content of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in northern Australia and Sri Lanka”. New Forests, Vol. 41(1), pp. 89–94.

[8]. Jain S., and Sharma M.P., (2010). “Prospect of biodiesel from Jatropha in India: A review”. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. Vol. 14, pp. 763–71.

[9]. Zannatul Moiet Hasib, Jomir Hossain, Saikat Biswas, and Asif Islam, (2011). “Bio-Diesel from Mustard Oil: A Renewable Alternative Fuel for Small Diesel Engines”. Modern Mechanical Engineering, Vol.1, pp. 77-83.

[10]. Deepak Ashri and Raj Kumar, (2014). “Effective Process Parameters of Mustard Oil Biodiesel - A Review and Analysis”. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, Vol. 5(1), pp. 99-106.

[11]. A.K. Azad, S.M. Ameer Uddin, and M.M. Alam, (2012). “Mustard oil, an alternative Fuel: An experimental investigation of Bio-diesel properties with and without Trans-esterification reaction”. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Vol. 1(3), pp. 075-084.

[12]. A. Forhad, A.R. Rowshan, M.A. Habib and M.A. Islam, (2009). “Production and Performance of Biodiesel as an Alternative to Diesel”. International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, London.

[13]. Arvind Kumar, O.P. Premi and Lijo Thomas, (2008). “Rapeseed-Mustard cultivation in India- An Overview”. National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard.

[14]. Bob Callihan, Jeff Brennan, Tim Miller, Jack Brown, and Mary Moore (n.d). Guide to Identification of Canola Mustard Rapeseed and Related Weeds.

[15]. T.M.Yunuskhan, A.E.Atabani , Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Ahmad Badarudin, M.S. Khayoon, and S.Triwahyono, (2014). “Recent scenario and technologies to utilize non-edible oils for biodiesel production”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 37, pp. 840–851.

[16]. Hwai Chyuan Ong, H.H. Masjuki, T.M.I. Mahlia, A.S. Silitonga, W.T. Chong, and K.Y. Leong, (2014). “Optimization of biodiesel production and engine performance from high Free Fatty Acid Calophyllum inophyllum oil in CI diesel engine”. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 81, pp. 30–40.

[17]. S.M. Ashrafur Rahman, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M.J. Abedin, A. Sanjid, and H. Sajjad, (2013). “Production of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum based biodiesel and investigation of blend performance and exhaust emission in an unmodified diesel engine at high idling conditions”. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 76, pp. 362–367.

[18]. Jinlin Xue, Tony E. Grift, and Alan C. Hansen, (2011). “Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, pp.1098–1116.

[19]. Hwai Chyuan Ong, H.H. Masjuki, T.M.I. Mahlia, A.S. Silitonga, W.T. Chong, and Talal Yusaf, (2014). “Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine”. Energy, pp.1-19.

[20]. P.K. Sahoo, L.M. Das, M.K.G. Babu, and S.N. Naik, (2007). “Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine”. Fuel, Vol. 86, pp. 448–454.

[21]. Chavan S.B, Kumbhar R.R and Deshmukh R.B, (2013). “Callophyllum inophyllum Linn (“honne”) Oil-A source for Biodiesel Production”. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 3(11), pp. 24-31.

[22]. A.E. Atabani, A.S. Silitonga, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H. Masjuki, and I.A. Badruddin, (2011). “Calophyllum inophyllum L. as a potential feedstock for bio-diesel production”. IGEC.

[23]. I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M.A. Wakil, A.M. Ashraful, and S.A. Shahir, (2014). “Experimental investigation of performance and regulated emissions of a diesel engine with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends accompanied by oxidation inhibitors”. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 83, pp. 232–240.

[24]. A.E. Atabani, A.S. Silitonga, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H. Masjuki, and S. Mekhilef, (2013). “A comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel synthesized from edible and nonedible oils and study on the effect of biodiesel blending”. Energy, Vol. 58, pp. 296-304.

[25]. David J. Tenenbaum, (2008). Food vs Fuel Diversion of Crops Could Cause More Hunger, Vol. 116, Number 6th, Environmental Health Perspectives.

[26]. Saravanan. R, Dhachinamoorthi. D, Senthilkumar. K and Thamizhvanan. K, (2011). “Antimicrobial activity of various extracts from various parts of Calophyllum inophyllum L.”. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, Vol. 1 (3), pp. 102-106.

[27]. Jinlin Xue, Tony E. Grift, and Alan C. Hansen, (2011). “Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, pp.1098–1116.

[28]. T.M. Yunuskhan, A.E. Atabani, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Ahmad Badarudin, M.S. Khayoon, and S. Triwahyono, (2014). “Recent scenario and technologies to utilize non-edible oils for biodiesel production”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 37, pp. 840–851 .

[29]. Leevijit, Theerayut, et al., (2017). “Comparative properties and utilization of un-preheated degummed/esterified mixed crude palm oil-diesel blends in an agricultural engine”. Renewable Energy, Vol.101, pp. 82-89.

[30]. Miraculas, G. Antony, N. Bose, and R. Edwin Raj, (2016). “Optimization of Biofuel Blends and Compression Ratio of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum Oil Methyl Ester”. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 41(5), pp.1723-1733.

[31]. Frank J. Liotta Jr, and Daniel M. Montalvo (1993). “The effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine”. SAE Paper, No. 932734, pp. 59-75.

[32]. Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S. and Muraleedharan C. (2006). “Theoretical modeling and experimental studies on biodiesel-fueled engine”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 31, pp. 1813-1826.

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Research Paper

A Novel Method to Detect Isomorphism in Epicyclic Gear Trains

V.V. Kamesh* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao, A.B. Srinivasa Rao*

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India..

* Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India

Kamesh, V.V., Rao, K..M., and Rao, A. B S. (2016). A Novel Method to Detect Isomorphism in Epicyclic Gear Trains. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8211

Abstract

Graph theory is an effective tool in the Structural synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Trains (EGTs) widely used in Automatic transmission system, Overdrives, Gas turbine engines, Machine tool gearboxes, etc. Enumeration of EGTs with different links with varying degrees of freedom were studied by many researchers earlier. In recursive method of enumeration, starting with 3-link EGT having one gear pair and two transfer pairs, higher link EGTs are generated by adding one transfer pair and one gear pair to the base level gear train. As large numbers of topological structures are generated, many of them are identical in structure and behaviour, i.e., isomorphous. In this paper, a simple method is proposed to detect isomorphism in epicyclic gear trains by estimating influence of every link over the other links and vice versa. A new parameter 'Functional Value of Gear Train' defined in the method assess the overall influence of all links on a single link and vice versa. All the 4-link, 5-link and 6-link 1-dof epicyclic gear trains are studied by the proposed method. Structural Isomorphism in EGTs explained by calculating 'Functional Value of Gear Train' are proposed in the method taking two 5- link 1-DOF graphs and two 6-link 1-DOF graphs. The distinct structural non-isomorphic graphs of 4-link 1-DOF are checked for Rotational Isomorphism. The number of computations is less in the proposed method. The proposed method can be extended to check isomorphism in EGTs with higher linkage and DOF.

References

[1]. Z. Levai, (1968). “Structure and Analysis of Planetary Gear Trains”. Jnl. Mechanisms, Vol. 3, pp: 131-148.

[2]. Buchsbaum F., and Frudenstein F., (1970). “Synthesis of Kinematic Structure of Geared Kinematic Chains and other Mechanisms”. Journal of Mechanisms, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 357-392.

[3]. Frudenstein, (1971). “An application of Boolean Algebra to the Motion of Epicyclic drives”. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol. 93(1), pp. 176-182, doi:10.1115/1.3427871.

[4]. R. Ravisankar and T.S. Mruthyunjaya, (1985). “Computerized Synthesis of the Structure of Geared Kinematic chains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 20, pp. 367-387.

[5]. L.W. Tsai, (1987). “An application of the Linkage Characteristic Polynomial to the Topological Synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Trains”. ASME Journal of Mechanisms, Transactions and Automation in Design, Vol.109(3), pp. 329-336.

[6]. Jae Uk Kim, and Byung Man Kwak, (1990). “Application of Edge Permutation Group to Structural Synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Trains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory , Vo l .25 ,No. 5 , pp. 563 - 574.

[7]. D.G Oslon, Erdman A.G and Riley D.R, (1991). “Topological Analysis of Single Degree of Freedom Planetary Gear Trains”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 113(1), pp. 10-16.

[8]. Cheng-Ho Hsu, and Kin-Tak Lam, (1992). “A New Graph Representation for the Automatic Kinematic Analysis of Planetary Spur Gear Trains”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 114, pp. 196-200.

[9]. Cheng-Ho Hsu, and Kin-Tak Lam, (1993). “Automatic Analysis of Kinematic Structure of Planetary Gear Trains”. Journal of Mechanical Design, ASME, Vol.115, pp. 631- 638.

[10]. Cheng-Ho Hsu, and Jin-Juh Hsu, (1997). “An Efficient methodology for the structural synthesis of Geared Kinematic Chains”. Mech. Mach. Theory, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 957-973.

[11]. Cheng-Ho Hsu, (2002). “An Analytic Methodology for the Kinematic Synthesis of Epicyclic Gear Mechanisms”. Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, No. 3, pp. 574- 589.

[12]. Cheng-Ho Hsu, “Displacement Isomorphism of Planetary Gear Trains”. Mech. Mach. Theory, Vol. 29, pp. 513-523.

[13]. JK Shin, and S Krishnamurty, (1993). “Standard Code Technique in the Enumeration of Epicyclic Gear Trains”, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 347- 355.

[14]. AC Rao, (1996). “Topological Characteristic of Planetary Gear Trains”. Journal of Institution of Engineers (India), Vol. 77, pp. 7-12

[15]. AC Rao, (2000a). “A Genetic Algorithm for Epicyclic gear trains”. Mech. Mach. Theory, Vol. 38, pp.135-147.

[16]. AC Rao, (2000). “Application of Fuzzy Logic for the study of Isomorphism, Inversions, Symmetry, parallelism and mobility in kinematic chains”. Mech. Mach. Theory, Vol. 35, pp. 1103-1116.

[17]. AC Rao, and VVNR Prasad Raju Pathapati, (2002). “A New Technique Based on Loops to Investigate Displacement Isomorphism in Planetary Gear Trains”. Journal of Mechanical Design, ASME, Vol.124, pp. 662- 675.

[18]. AC Rao and D Varada Raju, (1991). “Application of the Hamming number technique to detect isomorphism among kinematic chains and inversions”. Mech. Mach. Theory, Vol. 26, pp. 55-75.

[19]. YVD Rao, and AC Rao, (2008). “Generation of Epicyclic Gear Trains of One Degree of Freedom”. Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol.130.

[20]. J.M Del Castillo, (2002). “Enumeration of 1- DOF Planetary Gear Train Graphs Based on Functional Constraints”. ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 124, pp. 723-732.

[21]. L. Xue, Y. Wang, and H. Wang R Liu, (2005). “Classification and Synthesis of Planetary Gear Trains”. Proceedings of IDETC/CIE 2005 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. 24-28.

[22]. MS El-Gayyar, HM El-Eashy, and M Zaki, (2006). “Structural Synthesis and Enumeration of Epicyclic Gear Mechanisms up to 12 links using Acyclic Graph Method”. Proceedings of GT2006,ASME Turbo Expo 2006, May 8-11, Spain, pp. 711-717.

[23]. Ming Yue Ma, and Xiang Yang Xu, (2011). “A Novel algorithm for Enumeration of the Planetary Gear Train Based on Graph Theory”. Advanced Materials Research, Vol.199-200, pp. 392-399

[24]. Ettore Pennestri, and Nicola Pio Belfiore, (2015). “On Crossley's contribution to the development of graph based algorithms for the analysis of mechanisms and gear trains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 89, pp. 92–106.

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Research Paper

A Novel Index for the Rating of Kinematic Chains Using Residual Chain Index Value

Sreenivasa Reddy M.* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao, A.B. Srinivasa Rao*

* Ph.D Scholar, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, M. S., Rao, K. M., and Rao , A. B. S. (2016). A Novel Index for the Rating of Kinematic Chains Using Residual Chain Index Value. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8212

Abstract

In the analysis of kinematic chains for various industrial applications, especially Robotics and Automation, it is necessary to rank the various kinematic chains based on its capability in transmitting the input energy towards optimizing the energy resources. In this paper a new parameter, 'Residual Chain Index' (RCI) is proposed to compare the chains, which have same energy transfer capacity with respect to link, joint and loop assortment. The Residual Chain index is easy to calculate and based on the effect of each link over the entire chain. Ranking for a chain is based on the value of energy transfer with respect to link, joint, loop assortments and residual chain index. Analysis has been carried out on all possible distinct kinematic chains with 10 links and 3-degree of freedom. Out of 98 distinct chains formed in this case, fifteen (15) different groups have been identified such that, chains belonging to each group have same value of link, joint and loop assortment energy transfer capacities. There are 43 chains belonging to these 15 groups. RCI obtained for 43 chains and results are presented in this paper.

References

[1]. AC Rao and CN Rao, (1993). “Loop based Pseudo Hamming Values - I Testing Isomorphism and Rating Kinematic Chains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 28, pp. 113–127.

[2]. AC Rao and CN Rao, (1993). “Loop Based Pseudo Hamming Values-II Inversions, Preferred Frames and Actuators”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 28, pp. 129-143.

[3]. AC Rao and CN Rao, (1996). “Selection of Best Frame, Input and Output Links for Function Generators Modeled as Probabilistic Systems”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 113–127.

[4]. AC Rao, (1998). “Topology based rating of kinematic chains and inversions using information theory ”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 33, pp. 1055–1062.

[5]. ABS Rao, AC Rao and A Srinath, (2006). “Synthesis of Planar Kinematic Chains”. Institution of Engineers Journal, Vol. 86, pp. 195-201.

[6]. G.S Bedi, and S Sanyal, (2011). “Modified joint connectivity approach for identification of topological characteristics of planar kinematic chains”. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C : Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 225, pp. 2700- 2717.

[7]. G.S Bedi, and S Sanyal, (2014). “Structure based grading of Kinematic Chains”. Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 575, pp. 501-506.

[8]. Huafeng Ding, Fengmao Hou, Andres Kecskemethy, and Zhen Huang, (2012). “Synthesis of the whole family of planar 1-DOF kinematic chains and creation of their atlas databases”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1-15.

[9]. Huafeng Ding, Peng Huang, Jinfang Liu, and Andres Kecskemethy, (2013). “Automatic structural synthesis of the whole family of planar 3-DOF closed loop mechanisms”. ASME Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp.1-10.

[10]. Huafeng Ding, Bin Zi, Peng Huang, and Andrés Kecskeméthy, (2013). “The Whole Family of kinematic structures for planar 2-and 3-DOF fractionated kinematic chains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 70, pp. 74- 90.

[11]. Chang Z. Zhang C., Yang Y., and Wang Y. (2002). “A New Method to Mechanism Kinematic Chain Isomorphism Identification”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 37, pp. 411-417.

[12]. Hong-Sen Yan, and Yu-Ting Chiu, (2015). “On the number synthesis of kinematic chains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 89, pp. 128–144.

[13]. TS Mruthyunjaya and MR Raghavan, (1979). “Structural Analysis of Kinematic Chains and Mechanisms Based on Matrix Representation”. Vol. 101, No. 3, pp. 488- 494.

[14]. T.S Mruthyunjaya, (1984). “A computerized methodology for structural synthesis of kinematic chains – Part I, II and III”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 14, pp. 487–530.

[15]. TS Mruthyunjaya and HR Balasubramanian, (1987). “In quest for reliable and efficient test for detection of isomorphism in kinematic chains”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 131–139.

[16]. H Ding and H Zhen, (2007). “A new theory for the topological structure analysis of kinematic chains and its Applications”. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp.1264–1279.

[17]. Robert Simoni and Daniel Martins, (2007). “Criteria for Structural Synthesis and Classification of Mechanisms”. th Proceedings of COBEM 2007, 19 International Congress of Mech. Engg., pp. 5-9, Brasilia, DF.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Volume 12 Issue 1 August - October 2016

Risk Analysis of Instrument Tubing Failures along with its Mitigation Path

Anand Srivastava* , Sheikh Rafik Manihar Ahmed**

* Project Management, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India. ** Control Systems Engineer, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

Srivastava, A., and Sheikh Ahmed, R. M. (2016). Risk Analysis of Instrument Tubing Failures along with its Mitigation Path. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8207

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Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Robotics for the NASA Deep Space Habitat

Edward Li* , Tony Tong**, Ravi Dahiwala***

* Senior Student, Fairfield Warde High School, Connecticut, USA. **-*** Master Degree Student, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA.

Li, E., Tong, T., and Dahiwala, R. (2016). Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Robotics for the NASA Deep Space Habitat. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8208

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Performance Analysis of an IC Engine with Bio-Blended-Diesel Using Mustard Oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil

Venkatesh B* , Prasanthi**

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India.. ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Venkatesh, B., and Prasanthi, G.(2016). Performance Analysis of an IC Engine with Bio-Blended-Diesel Using Mustard Oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8210

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A Novel Method to Detect Isomorphism in Epicyclic Gear Trains

V.V. Kamesh* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao**, A.B. Srinivasa Rao***

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.. *** Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India

Kamesh, V.V., Rao, K..M., and Rao, A. B S. (2016). A Novel Method to Detect Isomorphism in Epicyclic Gear Trains. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8211

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A Novel Index for the Rating of Kinematic Chains Using Residual Chain Index Value

Sreenivasa Reddy M.* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao**, A.B. Srinivasa Rao***

* Ph.D Scholar, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. *** Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, M. S., Rao, K. M., and Rao , A. B. S. (2016). A Novel Index for the Rating of Kinematic Chains Using Residual Chain Index Value. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.1.8212

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* Project Management, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

** Control Systems Engineer, Fluor Daniel India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

Edward Li* , Tony Tong, Ravi Dahiwala*

* Senior Student, Fairfield Warde High School, Connecticut, USA.

-* Master Degree Student, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA.

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India..

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.

V.V. Kamesh* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao, A.B. Srinivasa Rao*

* Ph.D Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India..

* Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sreenivasa Reddy M.* , K. Mallikarjuna Rao, A.B. Srinivasa Rao*

* Ph.D Scholar, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

* Principal, Sri Vasavi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nandamuru, Andhra Pradesh, India.