Abstract

Environmental Engineering Science is crossing one frontier over another. Man's vision is wide, far-reaching and proven over the decades and centuries. Man's scientific endeavour is surpassed by one barrier over another. Zero discharge norms is the vision of tomorrow in environmental engineering perspective. An environmental engineering scientific Endeavour needs to be validated in the pursual of future vision of membrane science. The vision needs to be of sound technical knowledge and prowess. In the pursuit of knowledge and innovation, the world of challenges beckons in the horizon of barriers time and again. Here comes the necessity of a sound environmental engineering perspective. The vision is wide and clear- membrane science is today's environmental engineering technique. Membrane science is surpassing one frontier over another. In today's age, man's as well as scientist's target should be towards environmental and energy sustainability. Provision of pure drinking water to the common mass has an umbilical cord with environmental sustainability. A scientist's vision will be validated only when scientific endeavour reaches the rural and urban milieu. In this paper, the author delineates the importance of membrane science and the immense application of reverse osmosis in the provision of clean drinking water and desalination.

Man's vision is unsurpassed, groundbreaking and inspiring. The caution and the order of the present-day civilization with respect to environmental engineering perspective is to target zero-discharge norms. Introspection, vision and hope will surely lead mankind to its achievable goals. Today's world has crucial and critical perspectives. Provision of drinking water will surely be a boon to the endless scientific endeavors in membrane science and technology. Desalination of sea water and removal of metals from groundwater will be the target and vision of tomorrow's engineering Endeavour.

Abstract

This Paper explains the design, construction and installation of Multi-Layer Ultrasonic Level Measuring device stand, which makes the device contactless from liquids in an oil tank. The appropriate design of the multi-layer ultrasonic level measuring device (MLULM) stand helps for accurate measurement of level or interface level of the liquids to determine and examine the propagation of the ultrasonic wave pulse in oil, oil-water mixture (Emulsion or rag layer) and water liquids. A common measurement in these industries is detecting the interface level between two liquids or mixed liquids in the Oil refinery tank or vessel, such as oil, water and mixed liquids (Emulsion) is a must [5-9]. The difference in specific gravity or density of the two liquids in the refinery tanks shows that the lower density liquid will float on top of the higher density liquid in the oil refinery tank. But an emulsion or water-oil mixed rag layer will exist between the oil and water liquids [16, 4]. This interface situation creates multiple interfaces between more than two products or the interface between a lower density liquid and a higher density liquid in the oil refinery tank. An oil refinery does not want any water to enter the distillation process. Accuracy is very important here because any crude oil in the water means product losses, and presence of water in the oil requires extra inlet separation processing for refinery Industry [11-14]. The Separation of the Liquids in the refinery tank is done easily due to a difference in the density or specific gravity of the Liquids. This difference is enough to cause the water and oil to be separate. It may be too small of a difference on which to base an interface measurement. Some variables are required to control the process such as the overall level value needed as well as the interface and the thickness of the upper layer to prevent cross contamination of the separate liquids.

Abstract

An optimization of gas lift process is proposed in this research study. The factor of the productive formation operation (well productivity factor) is considered in the proposed method of optimization. The proposed method was applied to five gas lift operated wells on Guneshli oil field (Azerbaijan). The simulations based on the proposed method allowed to provide recommendations in order to optimize the technological parameters for gaslift operated wells on Guneshli oilfield.

Abstract

The clinical importance of the ECG signal in cardiology is well established. Since noise is embedded with signal during acquisition it has to be filtered out in order to deliver accurate fast and reliable estimation of clinical parameters. The Rpeak is an important fiducial point. In the present paper an efficient and straight forward R-peak detection algorithm has been proposed. This leads to formulation of heart rate from accurate RR interval time series. The heart rate is calculated for various ECG records and then compared with original values. The records have been taken from MIT/BIH database to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB environment.

Abstract

The contamination of water with chromium is a severe problem. The presence of hexavalent chromium in waste water is severe hazard to aquatic life and humans. Biosorption of heavy metals is an important technique used in the removal of chromium from various sources like industrial waste, aqueous systems and municipal waste waters. Chromium metal removal technique using non-conventional adsorbents such as microorganisms are cheap because of the low cost of adsorbents used and many represent a practical replacement to conventional processes. There are various mechanisms such as kinetic models and adsorption isotherms employed for the efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from various sources. The present review discusses brief findings of hexavalent chromium removal with the maximum metal uptake by using living and non-living microorganisms as adsorbents.