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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Biomaterial Strategies for Immune System Enhancement and Tissue Healing
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Volume 9 Issue 1 August - October 2013

Article

The Future Vision of Science And Technology Of Nanofilteration And Its Impact On Water Shortage Problem - A Far-Reaching Overview

Sukanchan Palit*

Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India.

Palit, S. (2013). The Future Vision of Science and Technology of Nanofiltration and Its Impact On Water Shortage Problem - A Far-reaching Overview. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2477

Abstract

Environmental issues throughout the world are thought provoking to our mankind. In this age of immense scientific progress and similarly the crisis and catastrophe of the issues of environmental disaster and energy sustainability, the question of novel separation processes comes into the mind’s horizon of a common man as well as a scientist. The alarming question of zero discharge norms is belittling mankind’s progress in science and technology. The world of challenge lies in the field of environmental engineering and the targeted vision of environmental regulations. Standing in such a critical juncture, mankind especially an environmental engineer is more poised towards novel separation processes mainly membrane separation processes. Within this wide and versatile domain of membrane science, nanofiltration has an imminent and far-reaching goal. This review deals with the vast application areas of nanofiltration in the field of desalination and groundwater treatment. The science of nanofiltration connotes to a persuasive definition-the separation of solid wastes whether it is organic or inorganic in view of a greater understanding towards efficiency and effectiveness of the particular membrane separation process. Nanofiltration , reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and other membrane separation processes today is in the verge of new discoveries and dimensions of invention. Man’s struggle to fetch pure and clean drinking water which is pollution free and remediated has turned out to be one of the greatest social and scientific discoveries of our time. The challenges are immense as well as daunting. Scientific inventions and effective scientific pursuits is bringing our civilization to a new age of scientific validity. Clean water is the boon to a new age of scientific pursuit. The challenge to bring forward the importance of nanofiltration is daunting as well as visionary and it will surely go a long way in opening up new doors of innovation as well as intuition in years to come.

References

[1]. Robert Goodland, (1995). The concept of environmental sustainability, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 26,1-24.

[2]. Peter Newell, Jon Phillips, Dustin Mulvaney, (2011/2003). Human Development Research Papers, Pursuing Clean Energy Equitably, United Nations Development Programme.

[3]. Jeevan Nair, (2009). Impending global water crisis, Pentagon Press, New Delhi, India, ISBN 978-81-8274-397-7.

[4]. A.N. Sarkar, (2010). Global climate change, Pentagon Press, New Delhi, India, ISBN 978-81-8274-453-0(First Edition) .

[5]. Gomes.A.C., Goncalves.I.C., De Pinho.M.N., Porter.J.J., (2007). Integrated nanofiltration and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment of textile wastewater for in-plant reuse, Water Environment Research, Vol.79.

[6]. Ogunlaja.O.O., Aemere.O., (2009). Evaluating the efficiency of textile wastewater treatment plant located in Oshodi, Lagos, African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.3(9), 189-196.

[7]. Hassani.A.H., Mirzayee.R., Nasseri.S., Borghei.M., Gholami.M., Torabifar.B. (2008). Nanofiltration process for dye removal from simulated wastewater, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(3), 401-408.

[8]. Avlonitis.S.A., Poulios.I., Sotiriou.D., Pappas.M., Moutesidis.K., (2008). Simulated cotton dye effluents treatment and reuse by nanofiltration, Desalination, 221, 259-267.

[9]. Pazdizor.K., Ledakowicz.J.S., Smolka.A.K., Zylla.R., Ledakowicz.S., Mrozinska.Z. (2009). Integration of nanofiltration and biological processes for textile wastewater treatment, Environment Protection Engineering, Vol.35, No.2.

[10]. Babu.B.R., Parande.A.K., Raghu.S., Prem Kumar.T., (2007). Cotton textile processing: Waste generation and effluent treatment, The Journal of Cotton Science,11:141-153.

[11]. Torabion.A., Bihdendi.G.R.N., Ranjbar.P.Z., Razmkhah.N., (2007). Efficiency evaluation of textile basic dye removal from water by nanofiltration, Iran Journal of Environmental Health Science and engineering, Vol. 4, No.3.,pp177-180.

[12]. Fersi.C., Dhahbi.M., (2008). Treatment of textile plant effluent by ultrafiltration and/or nanofiltration for water reuse.,Desalination,222,263-271.

[13]. Lopes.C.N., Petrus.J.C.C., Riella.H.G., (2005). Color and COD retention by nanofiltration membranes, Desalination,172,77-83.

[14]. Gomes.A.C., Goncalves.I.C., De Pinho.M.N., (2005). The role of adsorption on nanofiltration of azo dyes, Journal of Membrane Science, 255, 157-165.

[15]. European Commission, Community Research, Renewable Energy Technologies, Long term in the 6th framework programme, 2002/2006, http://ec.europe.eu/research/rtdinfo/.

[16]. Research and Development on Renewable Energies – A global report on photovoltaic and wind energy,(2009), International Science Panel on Renewable Energies, ISBN 978-0-930357-72-6(First Edition) .

[17]. A.Franklin, P.Blyton, (2011). Researching Sustainability-A guide to social methods, practice and engagement, Earthscan Books.(First Edition) .

[18]. Dilwyn Jenkins, (2013). Renewable Energy Systems-The Earthscan Expert Guide to Renewable Energy Technologies for Home and Business, Routledge-Taylor and Francis Group.(First Edition) .

[19]. Wisner.B., Gaillard.J.C., Kelman.I., (2011). The Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.(First Edition).

[20]. Lau.W.J., Ismail.A.F., (2010). Application of response surface methodology in pes/speek blend NF membrane for dyeing solution treatment, Membrane Water Treatment, Vol.1, No.1, 49-60.

[21]. Ismail. A.F., Woei Jye.Lau, (2008). The effects of structural and electrical properties of hollow fibre nanofiltration membranes on salt and dye removal under different solution properties, Jurnal Teknologi, 49F.,103-113.

[22]. Mahmoud.A.S., Ghaly.A.E., Brooks.M.S., (2007). Removal of dye from textile wastewater using plant oils under different pH and temperature conditions, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(4),205-218.

[23]. Bhoi.S.K., (2010). Adsorption characteristics of Congo Red dye onto PAC and GAC based on S/N Ratio: A Taguchi approach, Bachelor of Technology Project., National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.

[24]. Gholami.M., Nasseri.S., Fard.M.R.A., Mesdaghinia .A., Vaezi.F., Mahvi.A., Naddaffi.K., (2001). Dye removal from effluents of textile industries by ISO9888 Method and Membrane Technology.Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol.30, Nos.1-2, PP -73-80.

[25]. Van der Bruggen.B., Manttari.M., Nystrom.M., (2008). Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: a review, Separation and Purification Technology, 63, 251-263.

[26]. Cheryan.M., (1998). Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook, Technomic Publishing Co. Inc.

[27]. Palit Sukanchan (2011). Ozonation associated with nanofiltration as an effective procedure in treating dye effluents from textile industries with the help of a bubble column:A review, International Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Vol 1, Number 1, pp 53-60.

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Article

Key Issues and Probable Solutions for Supply Chains in the Indian Railways

Anshul Jain* , C. S. Jawalkar **

* Research Student, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh.

**Assistant Professor, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh.

Jain , A. and Jawalkar , C.S. (2013). Key Issues and Probable Solutions for Supply Chains in the Indian Railways. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2478

Abstract

Supply chain is an integrated area providing scope for enormous development and improvement in any business network. The paper discusses issues related to supply chain network in the context of Indian Railways (IR). A relationship of the existing supply chain network in India and USA has been attempted in brief. The key issues have been identified, segregated area wise and some potential solutions to these supply chain issues in the Indian context have been attempted and discussed. The methodology adopted in the present analysis was through carrying out an extensive literature survey, including study on the reports published by the Indian Railways and discussion with various stakeholders of the IR freight business. Some feedbacks were taken from the grass root levels through interactions with the railway workers in the ambala zone. The proposed solutions reflect the need to understand the key issues that can eventually lead to an active interest among the researcher community. Its active considerations by the IR can provide some cost cutting and esteemed benefits to its customers and stake holders.

References

[1]. Islam D. M. Z., Fabian Meier J., Aditjandra P. T., Zunder, T. H., & Pace, G. (2012). Logistics and supply chain management, Research in Transportation Economics.

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[6]. Indian Railways Annual report 2011-12.

[7]. Ministry of Railways (2009). Government of India, “Indian Railway vision 2020” .

[8]. Esposito Emilio, Passaro Renato (2009). The evolution of supply chain relationships: An interpretative framework based on the Italian inter-industry experience. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 15, 114–126.

[9]. Coyle J., Bardi, E. J., and Langley, J. (1996). The Management of business logistics: A supply chain perspective, St Paul, MN: West Publishing.

[10]. Lumsden, K. (2006). Logistics complexity in mobility systems.

[11]. Harral Clel, Sondhi Jit and Chen Zhe Guang (2006). Highway and railway development in India and China 1992-2002. The World Bank, Washington, Transport Note TRN-32.

[12]. Armstrong John, Preston John (2011). Alternative railway futures: growth and/or specialisation. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1570–1579.

[13]. Rajat Gupta and Thomas Netzer (2010). Building India transforming the nation's logistic infrastructure, Mckinsey and Company.

[14]. Raghuram, Gangwar Rachna (1983). Marketing Strategies for Freight Traffic on Indian Railways: A Systems Perspective. IIM Ahmedabad, W.P. No. 2007-07-03, ISBN 8184243049.

[15]. Statistics (1983). Ministry of Railways, Govt. of India.

[16]. Diomis (2009). Benchmarking Intermodal Rail transport in the US and Europe. Published by International Union of Railways (UIC) .

[17]. Geyer Anton, Davies Andrew (2000). Managing project–system interfaces: case studies of railway projects in restructured UK and German markets, Research policy, 991-1013.

[18]. Ballis Athanasios, Dimitriou Loukas (2010). Issues on railway wagon asset management using advanced information systems, Transportation Research, Part C (18), 807–820.

[19]. Dr. Rajaram R.P.C.S., Sriram V.P., Dhanalakshmi K. (2012). Problems faced by customers on rail freight traffic in Salem division, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2 (3), ISSN 2231 5780.

[20]. Pucher John, Nisha K, Neenu Ittyerah (2004). The crisis of public transport in India: overwhelming needs but limited resources, Journal of Public Transportation, 7(4) .

[21]. Brons Martijn, Givoni Moshe, Rietveld Piet (2009). Access to railway stations and its potential in increasing rail use, Transportation Research, Part A (43), 136–149.

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Research Paper

Characterization of Cold-Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Coatings on Fe-Based Superalloy and Hot Corrosion Behavior in Na2SO4-NaCl Environment

Sukhminderbir Singh Kalsi* , T.S. Sidhu, Harminder Singh*

* Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Ferozpur, (Punjab), India.

* Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Kalsi, S. S., Sidhu , T.S., and Singh, H. (2013). Characterization of Cold-Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Coatings on Fe-Based Superalloy and Hot Corrosion Behavior in Na2SO4-NaCl Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2479

Abstract

In the present study cold spraying was used to deposit and NiCoCrAlY coating on Fe-based Superfer 800H superalloy and coating was successfully deposited with cold spray process. As sprayed coating was tested for microhardness, thickness and microstructure. The hot corrosion behavior of the bare and coated superalloy is evaluated in Na2SO4-10% NaCl environment at 900°C under cyclic conditions. The microstructural characteristics of the corrosion products were investigated with XRD, SEM, EDAX and Elemental X-Ray Mapping. The cold sprayed NiCoCrAlY coating perform better as compare to bare superalloy against hot corrosion degradation. Dense coating structure obtained by the cold spray technique and protective oxide layer on the top are responsible for better performance of the coating.

References

[1]. Bala, N., Singh, H., & Prakash, S. (2010). Accelerated hot corrosion studies of cold spray Ni–50Cr coating on boiler steels, Materials and Design 2010, 31, 244–253.

[2]. Bala, N., Singh, H., & Prakash, S. (2010). High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Cold Spray Ni-20Cr Coating on Boiler Steel in Molten Salt Environment at 900oC, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 19(1-2), 110-118.

[3]. Bala, N., Singh, H., & Prakash, S. (2011). Characterization and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Cold-Sprayed Ni-20Cr and Ni-50Cr Coatings on Boiler Steels, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 42(a), 3399-3416.

[4]. Edris, H., McCartney, D.G., & Sturgeon, A. J. (1997). Microstructural characterization of high velocity oxy-fuel sprayed coatings of Inconel 625 Material Science, 32, 863–868.

[5]. Gao, Y., Chen, M. C., & Shi, C. X. (1999). Study on EB-PVD Zirconia thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine blade protection. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 14(5), 691-696.

[6]. Goyal, T., Walia, R. S., & Sidhu, T. S. (2012). Effect of Parameters on Coating Density for Cold Spray Process, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(2), 193-200.

[7]. Goyal, T., Walia, R. S., & Sidhu, T. S. (2012). Study of Coating Thickness of Cold Spray Process Using Taguchi Method. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(2), 185-192.

[8]. Gurrappa, I. (2000). Hot corrosion of protective coatings. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2000, 15(5), 761-773.

[9]. Hanyi, L., Fuhui W. & Linxiang B. (1990). Effect of Yttrium on the Hot-corrosion Resistance of Sputtered Co-Cr-Al Coatings”, Material Science and Engineering A, 123, 123-128.

[10]. Jodoin, B., Ajdelsztajn, L., Sansoucy, E., Zuniga, A., Richer, P., & Lavernia, E.J. (2006). Effect of particle size, morphology, and hardness on cold gas dynamic sprayed aluminum alloy coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201(6), 3422–3429.

[11]. Kamala, S., Jayaganthan, R., Prakash, S., & Kumar, S. (2008). Hot corrosion behavior of detonation gun sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coatings on Ni and Fe-based superalloys in Na2SO4–60% V2O5 environment at 900 ?C. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 463(1-2), 358-372.

[12]. Luthra, K. L., (1985). Kinetics of the Low Temperature Hot Corrosion of Co-Cr-Al Alloys, J. Electrochem. Soc.,132(6), 1293-1298.

[13]. Matsubara, Y., Sochi, Y., Tanabe, M., & Takeya, A. (2007). Advanced Coatings on Furnace Wall Tubes. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 16(2), 195-201.

[14]. Patnalk, P. C., & Immarigeon, J. P. (1989). Protective coatings for aero engine hot section components, Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 4(3), 347-384.

[15]. Rapp R. A. (1986). Chemistry and electrochemistry of the hot corrosion of metals. Corrosion, 42, 568–577.

[16]. Rapp, R.A., & Zhang Y.S., (1994). Hot corrosion of materials : Fundamental studies, JOM, 46(12), 47-55.

[17]. Richer, P., Yandouzi, M., Beauvais, L., & Jodoin, B. (2010). Oxidation behaviour of CoNiCrAlY bond coats produced by plasma, HVOF and cold gas dynamic spraying. Surface and Coatings Technology, 204, 3962–3974.

[18]. Sidhu, B. S., & Prakash, S., (2006). Erosion-corrosion of plasma as sprayed and laser remelted Stellite-6 coatings in a coal fired boiler, Wear, 260, 1035–1044.

[19]. Sidhu, T. S., Agrawal, R. D., & Prakash, S. (2005). Hot corrosion of some superalloys and role of high-velocity oxy-fuel spray coatings—a review. Surface & Coatings Technology, 198, 441– 446.

[20]. Sidhu, T. S., Prakash, S., & Agrawal, R. D. (2006). Performance of a High Velocity Oxy-fuel Sprayed coating on a Fe-Based Superalloy in Na2SO4-60%V2O5 Environment at 900oC, Part II: Hot Corrosion Behaviour of the Coatings, Mater. Engg. Perform., 15(1), 130-138.

[21]. Singh, H., Puri, D., & Prakash, S. (2005). Some Studies on Hot Corrosion Performance of Plasma Sprayed Coatings on Fe-based Superalloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 192(1), 27-38.

[22]. Singh, H., Sidhu, T. S., & Kalsi, S. B. S. (2012). Cold spray Technology future of coating deposition process. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 22, 69-84.

[23]. Singh, H., Sidhu, T. S., Kalsi, S. B. S., & Karthikeyan, J. (2013). Development of cold spray from innovation to emerging future coating technology, J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2013.

[24]. Tiwari, S. N., & Prakash, S. (1997). Studies on the Hot Corrosion Behaviour of Some Superalloys in Na2SO4-V2O5, Proc. of SOLCEC, Kalpakkam, India, 22-24th Jan., Paper C33.

[25]. Wang, Q. M., Wu, Y. N., Ke, P. L., Cao, H. T., Gong, J.,Sun, C. & Wen, L. S. (2004). Hot Corrosion Behavior of AIP NiCoCrAlY(SiB) Coatings on Nickel Base Superalloys, Surface and Coatings Technology, 186, 389-397.

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Research Paper

A Numerical Study on Plunger Leakage for Beam Pump Systems

Yasser Rihan*

Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt.

Rihan,Y. (2013). A Numerical Study on Plunger Leakage for Beam Pump Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2480

Abstract

In this paper a numerical model for calculating plunger pump leakage is introduced. This model involves calculating the velocity profile for an annulus with the inner wall moving parallel to the outer wall. The calculated average velocity for the annular fluid is used to predict the fluid slippage. The new method for the slippage agrees with published formula at the same operating conditions. The numerical model is used to predict the fluid slippage at different operating conditions.

References

[1]. Liu, X., Qi, Y. March (2011). A modern approach to the selection of sucker rod pumping systems in CBM wells, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 76, Issues 3-4, pp. 100-108.

[2]. Robert, L., Tchobanoglous, G., Bosserman, B., and Jones, G. (1998). Pumping station design, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann.

[3]. World Pumps. May (2003). Renamed plunger pump gets new look.

[4]. World Pumps. June (2003). Mid-size plunger pump.

[5]. Guo-hua, L., Shun-li, H., Zhi, Y., Hai-yang, Z., Jing-hong, H., Quan, X., Ying-hao, S. (2012). A prediction model for a new deep-rod pumping system, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 80, pp. 75-80.

[6]. Akers, T.J., et al. April (2009). Well plunger and plunger seal for plunger lift pumping system, Sealing Technology.

[7]. Azouz, I., and Shirazi, S.A. (1998). Evaluation of several turbulence models for turbulent flow in concentric and eccentric annuli, Trans. ASME, Vol. 120, pp. 268-275.

[8]. Ma, J., Fang, B., Xu, B., Yang, H. (2010). Optimization of cross angle based on the pumping dynamics model, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 181-190.

[9]. Bergada, J.M., Kumar, S., Davies, D., Watton, J. (2012). A complete analysis of axial piston pump leakage and output flow ripples, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 36, pp. 1731-1751.

[10]. Patterson, John, Curfew, J., Brock, M., Braaten, D., Dittman, J., and Williams, B. (2000). Progress report 3. Fluid slippage in down-hole rod-drawn oil well pumps, Proc. Forty-Seventh Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 117-136.

[11]. Patterson, John, Curfew, J., Hill, J., Braaten, D., Dittman, J., and Williams, B. (1999). Progress report 2. Fluid slippage in down-hole rod-drawn oil well pumps, Proc. Forty-Sixth Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 96-106.

[12]. Patterson, John and Williams, B.J. (1998). A progress report on fluid slippage in down-hole rod-drawn oil well pumps, Proc. Forty-Fifth Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 180-191.

[13]. Lea, James, F. (1990). Modeling forces on a beam pump system when pumping highly viscous crude, Annual Tech. Conf. and Exhibition, New Orleans.

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Research Paper

Removal of Cu (II) From Aqueous Solution Using Borasus Flabellifer Coir Powder as Adsorbent

D. Krishna*

Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

Krishna, D. (2013). Removal of Cu (II) From Aqueous Solution Using Borasus Flabellifer Coir Powder as Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2481

Abstract

Heavy metals present in waste water could affect adversely on aquatic life, human health and overall ecosystem. Therefore, nowadays more focus has been given for the use of agricultural waste as low cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from waste water. In this paper, the studies on removal of Cu (II) from waste water on borasus flabellifer coir powder as adsorbent were investigated in a batch mode experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial copper concentration, and the effect of solution pH have been studied. The Freundlich model for Cu (II) adsorption onto borasus flabellifer coir powder was proved to be the best fit followed by Langmuir model and Tempkin model based on high regression coefficient R2 value. The adsorption kinetic behavior was best described by second order. The maximum percentage removal of metal efficiency was found to be 97.92 %. The results obtained in this study illustrate that borasus flabellifer coir powder is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for Cu (II) removal from industrial waste water.

References

[1]. Aksu, Z., Ozer, D., Ekiz, H.I., Kutsal, T., & Calar, A. (1996). Investigation of Biosorption of Chromium (VI) on Cladophora Crispata in Two-Staged Batch Reactor, Environ.Technol., 17, 215-220.

[2]. Baral, S.S., Das, N., Roy Choudary, G., Das, S.N. (2009). A preliminary study on the adsorptive removal of Chromium (VI) using seaweed, Hydrilla Verticillata, J.Hazard.Mater., 171, 358-369.

[3]. Chakravathi, A.K., Chowadary, S.B., Chakrabarty, S., Chakrabarty, T., & Mukherjee, D.C. (1995). Liquid membrane multiple emulsion process of chromium (VI) separation from waste waters, Colloids,Surf.A., 103, 59-71.

[4]. Freundlich, H. (1907). Veber die adsorption in loesungen (adsorption in solution), Z.Phys.Chem., 57, 385.

[5]. Ghalay, A.E., Snow, A., & Kamal, M. (2008). Kinetics of manganese uptake by wetland plants, Am.J.Environ.Sci., 5, 1415-1423.

[6]. Huang, S.D., Fann, C.F., & Hsiech, H.S. (1982). Foam separation of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution, J.Colloid Interface Sci., 89, 504-513.

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[9]. Langmuir, I. (1918). Adsorption of gases on glass, Mica, and Platinum, J.Am.Chem.Soc., 40, 1361-1403.

[10]. Ong, M.C., & Kamruzzaman, B.Y. (2009). An assessment of metals (Cu and Pb) contamination in bottom sediment from south china sea coastal waters, Malaysia, Am.J.Environ.Sci., 6, 1418-1423.

[11]. Omar, W., & Al-Itawi, H. (2007). Removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on kaoline clay, Am.J.Environ.Sci., 4, 502-507.

[12]. Pagilla, K.R., & Canter, L.W. (1999). Laboratory studies on remediation of Chromium –contaminated soils, J.Environ.Eng., 125, 243-248.

[13]. Seaman, J.C., Bertsch, P.M., & Schwallie, L. (1999). In-Situ Cr (VI) reduction within coarse –textured oxide-coated soil and aquifer systems using Fe (II) solutions, Environ.Sci.Technol., 33, 938-944.

[14]. Tempkin, M.J., & Pyzhev, V. (1940). Recent modifications to Langmuir Isotherms, Acta Physiochim. URSS, 12, 217-222.

[15]. Tiravanti, G., Petruzzelli, D., & Passino, R. (1997). Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion-exchange process for Cr (III) removal and recovery, Water Sci.Technol., 36, 197-207.

[16]. Weber, W.J., & Jr. Morris, J.C. (1963). Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution, J. Sanit. Eng.Div.AMSE, 89, 31-59.

[17]. World Health Organisation, (2004). Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd ed., Genrva Vol.1. 2004, p 334.

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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 20 Issue 1

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Volume 9 Issue 1 August - October 2013

The Future Vision of Science And Technology Of Nanofilteration And Its Impact On Water Shortage Problem - A Far-Reaching Overview

Sukanchan Palit*

Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Premnagar, Dehradun, India.

Palit, S. (2013). The Future Vision of Science and Technology of Nanofiltration and Its Impact On Water Shortage Problem - A Far-reaching Overview. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2477

Abstract

References

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Key Issues and Probable Solutions for Supply Chains in the Indian Railways

Anshul Jain* , C. S. Jawalkar **

* Research Student, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh. **Assistant Professor, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh.

Jain , A. and Jawalkar , C.S. (2013). Key Issues and Probable Solutions for Supply Chains in the Indian Railways. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2478

Abstract

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Characterization of Cold-Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Coatings on Fe-Based Superalloy and Hot Corrosion Behavior in Na2SO4-NaCl Environment

Sukhminderbir Singh Kalsi* , T.S. Sidhu**, Harminder Singh***

* Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India. ** Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Ferozpur, (Punjab), India. *** Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Kalsi, S. S., Sidhu , T.S., and Singh, H. (2013). Characterization of Cold-Sprayed NiCoCrAlY Coatings on Fe-Based Superalloy and Hot Corrosion Behavior in Na2SO4-NaCl Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2479

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A Numerical Study on Plunger Leakage for Beam Pump Systems

Yasser Rihan*

Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt.

Rihan,Y. (2013). A Numerical Study on Plunger Leakage for Beam Pump Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2480

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Removal of Cu (II) From Aqueous Solution Using Borasus Flabellifer Coir Powder as Adsorbent

D. Krishna*

Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

Krishna, D. (2013). Removal of Cu (II) From Aqueous Solution Using Borasus Flabellifer Coir Powder as Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.9.1.2481

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* Research Student, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh.

**Assistant Professor, Department of Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh.

Sukhminderbir Singh Kalsi* , T.S. Sidhu, Harminder Singh*

* Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Ferozpur, (Punjab), India.

* Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.