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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Volume 8 Issue 1 August - October 2012

Article

Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquid

Kailas L. Wasewar*

Advanced Separation and Analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Maharashtra, India.

Wasewar , K. L.(2012). Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquids. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1973

Abstract

Now-a-days it is mandatory to provide the low sulfur liquid fuel due to environmental regulation by various countries for the transportation sector which is the big challenge for worldwide refineries. In present paper extractive desulfurization using ionic liquids has been discussed. It is an alternative process for the high energy intensive HDS technology for deep-desulfurization (less than 50 ppm sulfur). Various aspects of the process has been discussed such as extraction time, fuel to ionic liquid ratio, extraction mechanism, and regeneration along with process consideration.

References

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[4]. Wang, Y., & Li X. The Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Functional Molecules, organized by Chinese Academy of Engineering, National Natural Science Foundation of China and Dalian University of Technology. (8-11 September, 2005,Dalian China, 273-277.

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[12]. Mei, H., Mei, B.W., Yen, T.F.(2003). Fuel, 82, 405-409.

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[21]. Wang, J., Zhao, D., Zhou, E., & Dong, Z. J. Fuel Chem. Technol., 35 (2007) 293?296.

[22]. Liu, D.J., Gui, L. Song, & Z. Sun, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 26 (2008) 973–982.

[23]. Kuhlmann E., Haumann M., Jess A., Seeberger A., & Wasserscheid P. Chem. Sus. Chem., 2 (2009) 969 – 977.

[24]. Asumana, C., Yu, G., Li, X., Zhao, J., Liu, G., & Chen, X., Green Chem., 12 (2010) 2030–2037.

[25]. Wang, Y., Li H., Zhu, W., Jiang, X., He, L., Lu, J., Yan, Y., Petrol. Sci. Technol., 28 (2010)1203–1210.

[26]. Yu, G., Li, X., Liu, X., Asumana, C., & Chen, X. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50 (2011) 2236–2244.

[27]. Chen, X., Liu, G., Yuan, S., Asumana, C., Wang, W., & Yu, G. Sep. Sci. Technol., 47 (2012) 819-826.

[28]. Zhang, S., Zhang, Q., & Zhan, Z. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43 (2004) 614? 622.

[29]. Nie, Y., Li, C.X., Sun, A.J., Meng, H., & Wang, Z.H. Energ Fuel, 20 (2006) 2083–2087.

[30]. Feng, J., Li, C. X., Meng, H., & Wang, Z.H. Petrochem. Technol., 35 (2006) 272-275.

[31]. Nie, Y., Li, C. X., & Wang, Z.H. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46 (2007) 5108-5115.

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Research Paper

Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent

R. Padma Sree* , D. Krishna**

*Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

** Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, AU College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

Krishna, D., and Sree , R. P. (2012). Removal of Chromium From Aqueous Solution by Ragi Husk Powder as Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1974

Abstract

Chromium has been widely used in various industries like textile, leather, chemical manufacture, metal finishing, paint industry and many other industries. Since hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess, it is very much required to remove chromium from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of hexavalent chromium by adsorption on the Ragi husk powder as adsorbent has been investigated in the batch experiments. The agitation time, the adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, temperature and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior is described by a both pseudo first order and second order kinetics. The maximum metal uptake is found to be 43.478 mg/g. The morphology on the surface of adsorbents and also the confirmation of chromium binding on adsorbent surface at different stages were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results obtained in this study illustrate that Ragi husk powder is an effective and economically viable adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from industrial waste water.

References

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[2]. Baral, S.S., Das. N., Roy Choudary, G., & Das. S.N. (2009). A preliminary study on the adsorptive removal of Chromium (VI) using seaweed, Hydrilla Verticillata, J.Hazard.Mater., 171, 358-369.

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[10]. Hall, K.E., Eagleton, L.C., Acrivos. A., & Vermeulen, T. (1996). Pore and solid diffusion kinetics in fixed bed adsorption under constant pattern conditions, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 212-223.

[11]. Hamdaoui, O., & Naffrechoux, E. (2007). Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon. Part I. Two parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 147, 381-394.

[12]. Hasan, S.H., Singh, K.K., Prakash, O., Talat, M. & Ho, Y.S. (2008). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste maize bran, J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 356-365.

[13]. Huang, S.D., Fann, C.F., & Hsiech, H.S. (1982). Foam separation of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution, J.Colloid.Interface.Sci., 89, 504-513.

[14]. Khan, S.A. & Riaz-ur-Rehman-Khan, M.A. (1995). Adsorption of chromium (III), chromium (VI) and silver (I) on bentonite, Waste Man., 15, 271-282.

[15]. Kobya, M. (2004). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hazelnut shell activated carbon: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Bioresour. Technol. 91, 317-321.

[16]. Kongsricharoern, N., & Polprasert, C. (1996). Chromium removal by a bipolar electro-chemical precipitation process, Water. Sci. Technol. 34, 109-116.

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[18]. Langmuir, I. (1918). Adsorption of gases on glass, Mica, and Platinum, J.Am.Chem.Soc. 40, 1361-1403.

[19]. Li, H., Li, Z., Liu, T., Xiao, X., Peng, Z. & Deng, L. (2008). A novel technology for biosorption and recovery hexavalent chromium in wastewater by bio-functional magnetic beads, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 6271-6279.

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[21]. Mohan, D., & Jr. Pittman, C.U. (2006). Activated carbon and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri-and hexavalent chromium from water, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 762-811.

[22]. Namasivayam, C., & Ranganathan, K. (1993). Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution and chromium plating industry waste water, Environ. Pollut, 82, 255-261.

[23]. Nasernejad, B., Zadeh, E., Bonakdar, T, Pour, B, Esmaail Bygi, M., & Zamani, A. (2005). Comparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr (III), Cu(II), Zn(II)) adsorption from wastewaters by carrot residues, Process Biochemistry, 40, 1319-1322.

[24]. Pagilla, K.R., & Canter, L.W. (1999). Laboratory studies on remediation of Chromium –contaminated soils, J.Environ.Eng, 125, 243-248.

[25]. Park, D., Yun, Y.S., & Park, J.M. (2010). The past, present and, and future trends of biosorption, Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng, 15, 86-102.

[26]. Potgieter, J.H., Potgieter, S.S., Vermaak, S.S., & Kalibantonga, P.D. (2006). Heavy metals removal from solution by palygorskite clay, Minerals Engineering, 19, 463-470.

[27]. Pradan, J., Das, S.N. & Thakur, R.S. (1999). Adsorption of hexavalent Chromium from aqueous solution by using activated red mud, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci, 217,137-141.

[28]. Qaiser, S. (2009). Biosorption of lead (II) and chromium (VI) on groundnut hull: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study, Electronic journal of Biotechnology, 12.

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[30]. Shafey, E.I. (2005). Behavior of reduction-sorption of chromium (VI) from an aqueous solution on a modified sorbent from rice husk, Water Air & Soil Pollution. 163, 81-102.

[31]. Sharma, A., & Bhattacharya, K.G. (2004). Adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by Azadirachta indica (Neem leaf powder), J. Hazard. Mater., B 113, 97.

[32]. Sikaily, A.E.,. Nemr, A.E., Khaled, A. & Abdelwahab, O. (2007). Removal of toxic chromium from waste water using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 216-228.

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Research Paper

Numerical Simulation of Multistage Flotation Process for Wastewater Cleanup

Yasser Rihan*

Associate Professor, Hot Lab. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.

Rihan , Y. (2012). Numerical Simulation Of Multistage Flotation Process For Wastewater Cleanup. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1975

Abstract

In order to effectively remove mixed types of pollutants, including fine solids, emulsified oil and dissolved chemicals, a multi-stage loop-flow flotation column (MSTLFLO) has been developed. In this study, a numerical model was used to simulate wastewater system containing emulsified mineral oil and suspended particles (powdered activated carbon or glass beads) using the MSTLFLO flotation column. Results show that the separation efficiencies of emulsified oil and fine particles are greater than 90%. A process simulation program based on the classic tank-in-series model has been established. Experimental results for the removal of both individual and mixed components in MSTLFLO process for different authors are shown to be in excellent agreement with values predicted by the numerical simulation. The findings of this study are intended to provide an engineering design basis in exploring future applications of the MSTLFLO flotation process for industrial wastewater treatment.

References

[1]. Aurelle, Y. (1985). Treatments of oil-containing wastewater, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.

[2]. Movrov, V., Erwe, T., Bl? cher, C., and Chmiel, H. (2003). Study of new integrated processes combining adsorption, membrane separation and flotation for heavy metals removal from wastewater, Desalination, Vol. 157, pp. 97-104.

[3]. Rubio, J., Souza, M.L., and Smith, R.W. (2002). Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique, Mineral Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 139-155.

[4]. Painmanakul, P., Sastaravet, P., Lersjintanakarn, S., and Khaodhiar, S. (2010). Effect of bubble hydrodynamic and chemical dosage on treatment of oily wastewater by Induced Air Flotation (IAF) process, Chemical Eng. Research and Design, Vol. 88, pp. 693-702.

[5]. Rachu, S. (2005). Computer program development for oily wastewater treatment process selection, design and simulation, Ph.D. Thesis, INSA Toulouse, France.

[6]. Li, X., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Wang, C., and Zhou, X. (2007). Separation of oil from wastewater by column flotation, Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, Vol. 17(4), pp. 546-552.

[7]. Evans, G., Atkinson, B., and Jameson, G. (1995). The Jameson cell, in: K.A. Matis (Ed.), Flotation Science and Engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 331-336.

[8]. Ding, F.X., and Chiang, S.H. (1994). Removal of oil from waste water using multi-stage loop flotation column, Fluid/Particle Separation J., Vol. 7(4), pp. 149.

[9]. Gu., X., and Chiang, S.H. (1999). A Novel Flotation Column for Oily Water Clean-up, Separation and Purification Tec., Vol. 16, pp. 193-201.

[10]. He, D.X., and Chiang, S.H. (1995). A study of a novel multi-stage agitated column for pre combustion coal cleaning, The proceedings of 3rd Asia- Pacific International Symposium on combustion and energy utilization, Hong Kong, 11-15 Dec., pp. 775-780.

[11]. Shi, F. Chiang, and S.H. (1998). Removal of metal oxides precipitates from nuclear plant waste water using multistage column flotation, 11th annual conference, American Filtration & Separation Society, St. Louis, Missouri, May 4-7.

[12]. Lai, R.W. (1990). The Overlooked Law of Nature: A new concept in kinetics analysis, (Pittsburgh: Toshi Company), pp. 7-16.

[13]. Shi, F., and Chiang, S.H. (2001). Modeling of the Multi-stage Loop-flow Flotation Column, Proceedings Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 830-833.

[14]. Shi, F., Gu, X., and S.H. Chiang, (2002). A Study of hydrodynamic behaviors in a multi-stage loop-flow flotation column, The Fluid/Particle Separation J., Vol.14 (3), pp. 185-198.

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Research Paper

Anomalous dispersion in backwater river flows analyzed by a numerical stochastic approach

Marilena Pannone*

Aggregate Professor, School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Italy.

Pannone, M. (2012). Anomalous Dispersion In Backwater River Flows Analyzed By A Numerical Stochastic Approach. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1976

Abstract

The article focuses on the analytical/numerical modelling of the solute transport taking place within large rivers flowing through wide alluvial plains, and characterized by a weak bed slope, near the confluence into large reservoirs collecting water for potable or agricultural destinations. The aim of the study is represented by the analysis of the effect that the macroscopic morphological features of the channel induce on the hydrodynamic dispersion of effluents accidentally injected along its course, when a downstream obstacle can critically slow down the flow, preventing the dilution of the solutes. A recent work (Yudianto & Yuebo, 2008) has dealt with the problem resorting to a Eulerian numerical approach, and coming to the conclusion that, in the most part of the gradually varying steady flows, the adoption of a single velocity value (i.e. the corresponding uniform-flow section average) is sufficient to represent them even in terms of pollutants dispersion. Present work analyzes the dispersive properties of non uniform fluvial streams by an analytical-numerical stochastic Lagrangian approach and identifies the existence of a characteristic travel time, which is function of bed slope and width to depth ratio, beyond which the longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion undergoes a clear and potentially dangerous regress.

References

[1]. Batchelor, G.K. (1952). Diffusion in a field of homogeneous turbulence, 2: The relative motion of particles. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 48, 345-362.

[2]. Chatanantavet, P., Lamb, M.P. & J.A. Nittrouer (2012). Backwater controls of avulsion location on deltas. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L01402.

[3]. Deng, Z., Singh, V.P., & L. Bengtsson (2001). Longitudinal dispersion coefficient in straight rivers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127, 919-927.

[4]. Elder, J.W. (1959). The dispersion of a marked fluid in turbulent shear flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 5, 544- 560.

[5]. Fischer, H.B., List, E.J., Koh, R.C.Y., Imberger, J., & N.H. Brooks (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters. Academic Press, New York, pp. 483.

[6]. Hidayat, H., Vermeulen, B., Sassi, M.G., Torfs, P.J.J.F., & A.J.F. Hoitink (2011). Discharge estimation in a backwater affected meandering river. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2717-2728.

[7]. Lamb, M.P., Nittrouer, J.A., Mohrig, D., & J. Shaw (2012). Backwater and river plume controls on scour upstream of river mouths: Implications for fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 117, F01002.

[8]. Pannone, M., & P.K. Kitanidis (1999). Large-time behaviour of concentration variance and dilution in heterogeneous formation. Water Resour. Res., 35, 623- 634.

[9]. Pannone, M. (2010). Effect of nonlocal transverse mixing on river flows dispersion: A numerical study. Water Resour. Res., 46, W08534.

[10]. Pannone, M. (2012). Longitudinal dispersion in river flows characterized by random large-scale bed irregularities: first-order analytical solution. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 138, 400-411.

[11]. Seo, I.W., & T.S. Cheong (1998). Predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124, 25-32.

[12]. Taylor, G.I. (1954). The dispersion of matter in turbulent flow through of a pipe. Proc. Royal Soc., London, Ser. A, 223, 446-468.

[13]. Yanites, B.J., Webb, R.H., Griffiths, P.G., & C.S. Magirl (2006). Debris flow deposition and reworking by the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Water Resour. Res., 42, W11411.

[14]. Yudianto, D., & X. Yuebo (2008). Contaminant distribution under non uniform velocity of steady flow regimes. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 3, 79-90.

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Research Paper

Assessment of Quality Circles of Engineering Colleges

Debaprayag Chaudhuri* , Sadhan Kumar Ghosh**

* Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata

** Head, Mechanical Engineering department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.

Chaudhuri , D., and Ghosh, S. K (2012). Assessment Of Quality Circles Of Engineering Colleges. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 32-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1977

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess and compare suitability of ‘quality circles’ in a variety of Engineering Colleges. Specifically, each ‘quality circle’ consisted of faculty, plus technical and support staff in the Computer Science departments. The Engineering Colleges (n=10) were randomly chosen and consisted of both government (n=2) and private colleges (n=8). The quality circle volunteers were provided with a self-report questionnaire (n=35), which was based on four divisions of: Student focus, Direction, Understanding & Accountability. To collate and classify the study, the respondent’s answers were ranked in a quantified hierarchy from True to False — typical Likert scale, and the results collated to assess the team effectiveness of each college through its quality circle.

References

[1]. Montana, Patrick J., & Bruce H. Charnov. (2008). Management (4th ed.). Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-3931-4.

[2]. Hutchins, David C. (1985). The Quality Circles Handbook. New York: Pitman Press. ISBN 978-0-89397- 214-1.

[3]. Hutchins, David C. (2008). Hoshin Kanri: the strategic approach to continuous improvement. Burlington, Vermont: Gower. ISBN 978-0-566-08740-0.

[4]. Arora, K.C. (2010). Total Quality Management, S.K. Kataria & Sons. ISBN 81- 85749-99-X:890-910.

[5]. Juran, Joseph, M. (1992). Juran on quality by design: the new steps for planning quality into goods and services. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-916683-3.

[6]. Hutchins David, C. (1999). Just In Time. Farnham, Surrey: Gower Publishing. p.148. ISBN 978-0-566-07798-2.

[7]. Tang, T. L. P., Tollison, P. S., & Whiteside, H. D. (1987). The effect of quality circle initiation on motivation to attend quality circle meetings and on task performance. Personnel Psychology, 40: 799-814.

[8]. Tang, T.L.P., Tollison, P.S., & Whiteside, H.D. (1989). Quality circle productivity as related to uppermanagement attendance, circle initiation, and collar color. Journal of Management, 15: 101-113.

[9]. Tang, T.L.P., & Tollison, P.S., & Whiteside, H.D. (1993). Differences between active and inactive quality circles in attendance and performance. Public Personnel Management, 22: 579-590.

[10]. Tang, T.L.P., Tollison, P.S., & Whiteside, H.D. (1996). The case of active and inactive quality circles. Journal of Social Psychology, 136: 57-67.

[11]. Tang, T.L.P., & Butler, E.A. (1997). Attributions of quality circles' problem solving failure: Differences among management, supporting staff, and quality circle members. Public Personnel Management, 26: 203-225.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Volume 8 Issue 1 August - October 2012

Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquid

Kailas L. Wasewar*

Advanced Separation and Analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Maharashtra, India.

Wasewar , K. L.(2012). Low Sulfur Liquid Fuel By Deep Desulfurization Using Ionic Liquids. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1973

Abstract

References

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Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution By Ragi Husk Powder As Adsorbent

R. Padma Sree* , D. Krishna**

*Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India. ** Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, AU College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

Krishna, D., and Sree , R. P. (2012). Removal of Chromium From Aqueous Solution by Ragi Husk Powder as Adsorbent. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1974

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Numerical Simulation of Multistage Flotation Process for Wastewater Cleanup

Yasser Rihan*

Associate Professor, Hot Lab. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.

Rihan , Y. (2012). Numerical Simulation Of Multistage Flotation Process For Wastewater Cleanup. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1975

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Anomalous dispersion in backwater river flows analyzed by a numerical stochastic approach

Marilena Pannone*

Aggregate Professor, School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Italy.

Pannone, M. (2012). Anomalous Dispersion In Backwater River Flows Analyzed By A Numerical Stochastic Approach. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1976

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Assessment of Quality Circles of Engineering Colleges

Debaprayag Chaudhuri* , Sadhan Kumar Ghosh**

* Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata ** Head, Mechanical Engineering department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.

Chaudhuri , D., and Ghosh, S. K (2012). Assessment Of Quality Circles Of Engineering Colleges. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 32-35. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.8.1.1977

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*Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, M.V.G.R. College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, India.

** Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, AU College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, India.

* Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata

** Head, Mechanical Engineering department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.