Abstract

Water is vital for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival and health. Lack of water resources and optimum management has been two recent challenges of water resources engineering. Population growth, decrease of useable water resources, improvements in  lifestyle, growing rate of consumption, climate change and several other parameters have caused useable water to be a significant problem for the future. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) research committee reported that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is able to simulate many of complicated nonlinear processes.  Over the last few years, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has increased in many areas of engineering. In particular, ANNs are being applied to many water resources engineering problems and have been demonstrated some degree of success.  A review of literature reveals that ANNs have been used successfully in water for quality and quantity prediction, modelling of water pollution and so on. The objective of this paper is to provide a general review of some ANN applications for solving some types of water resources engineering problems.  It is not intended to describe the issue of ANNs modelling in water resources engineering and not covering every single application or scientific paper that is found in literature. However, some important works are selected to be described in some detail, while others are acknowledged for reference purposes.  The paper then discusses the strengths and limitations of ANNs compared with the other modelling approaches.

Abstract

Semi-active suspension uses a special adaptive damper whose damping properties vary with road conditions under the influence of an electromagnet. The adaptive damper is used along with a sophisticated electronic circuit which constantly monitors the changing road conditions and adapts accordingly. The aim of this paper is to simulate and analyze a   simple and low-cost semi active suspension system using ‘MATLAB and SIMULINK’ platform and establish its superiority, and also involves the development and simulation of a virtual quarter car model. Thereafter the graphical results obtained are analyzed. The model is   developed using equations of motion involving stiffness, damping ratio and displacement. These equations are translated into a simple data flow circuit in the simulation software to obtain definite results in the form of graphical output .This paper aims at the development of a simpler and cheaper semi active suspension system which will allow its fitment in comparatively affordable cars.

Abstract

                        “To save the blue Planet exploit the Innovation”

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments (WEEE) or E-waste is increasingly generated and processed in India. The waste originates from both national consumption (330’000 t) and waste imports (50’000 t). In India the e-waste processing and recycling is managed almost entirely (95%) by informal recycling businesses. Due to the application of inappropriate techniques, this industrial sectors bare high risks of creating waste, environmental and occupational hazards and also looses valuable materials that are being produced. Formal industries have to compete with the informal businesses and simultaneously comply with technological and social environmental and occupational changes. As well,  the CUI (Character User Interface) and GUI (Graphic User Interface) of Information Technologies using computer products, the creation of E-waste becoming more and more  in the scale of  geometrical progression. And all these components are becomingly alarming obsolescence and thereby the products are in use now, are rapidly becoming planetary obsolete. (E-waste).Speech and natural language understanding are the key technologies that will have the most impact in the next 15 years [1]. By “bringing of speech technologies into the main stream of business”, warrants declining trend of the wastage and effective usage of the existing keyboards, monitors, cathode ray tubes (CRT), thin film transistors,(TFT), mouse and many more. And that paves the way to analyze to find out the major causes in this context, through this article, to indicate the methods to reduce the Solid Waste and to save the small Planet (Earth), by using Speech Technologies.

Abstract

Although no single drug has been designed solely by computer techniques, the contribution of these methods to drug discovery is no longer a matter of dispute. All the world’s major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies use computational design tools. At their lowest level the contributions represent the replacement of crude mechanical models by displays of structure which are a much more accurate reflection of molecular reality, capable of demonstrating motion and solvent effects. Beyond this, theoretical calculations permit the computation of binding free energies and other relevant molecular properties. The theoretical tools include empirical molecular mechanics, quantum mechanics and, more recently, statistical mechanics.This paper is concerned with the modeling of a new drug for heart disorders making 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase) as a target and Atorvastatin, as the drug used. This drug is modified structurally and its derivatives obtained as such are tested for their affinities in binding with the protein. Objectives of this paper are to optimize the structures of the drug derivatives, to calculate the energies of the optimized derivated structures and optimized protein-ligand structures, to dock the ligands (derivatives) with the protein structure and calculate the binding affinities of each molecule, to compare the binding energies and identify the best lead compound with maximum stability.

Abstract

Biodiesel is a name applied to fuels produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils. Biodiesel fuels are generally classified as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). As the use of biodiesel becomes more widespread, the researchers have shown a strong interest in modeling the engine combustion processes to understand the basic characteristics of the combustion of biodiesel. Density and surface tension of a fuel are the main contributing factors for the combustion process in a diesel engine. The objective of the present work is to theoretically predict the surface tension of different biodiesel from their density using a regression model. The density and surface tension of different biodiesels were taken from the available published data. A linear regression model was developed to predict the surface tension of different biodiesels and compared with the reported data. The predicted results showed that the error was less than 2% compared to available published data.

Abstract

One of the important roles in diesel engine research is the development of a means to reduce the emission of oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection single cylinder diesel engine using split injection method involving double lobed cam The present results show that NOx can be reduced considerably while causing a minor decrease in engine efficiency. Hence to offset the reduction of Brake thermal efficiency blends of diesel and oxygenated compounds have also been tried and analyzed .Three oxygenated compounds such as Ethyl Aceto Acetate, Diethyl carbonate and Diethylene Glycol were blended with diesel fuel in the proportions 5% & 7%. Double lobed cams were designed and made to inject the fuel in two pulses in the proportion of 40% during pilot injection and 60% during main injection with 8° dwell between two. The engine was tested using Eddy current dynamometer at a speed of 1500 rpm from no load to full load using diesel, 5% and 7% of oxygenated-diesel blends using single injection and split injection.The emission parameters such as  CO, CO₂, HC, and NOx values were measured by using krypton gas analyzer The Smoke Measurement was carried out using AVL 437 smoke meter. The Combustion parameters such as pressure and heat release were analyzed using azectech combustion analyzer.From the investigation, it has been observed that using diesel fuel athigher loads the NOx emission for single injection and split injection are 346ppm and 240ppm respectively  There is a drastic reduction of about 30% in NOx emission. .The brake thermal efficiency is 26.9% for single injection and is reduced to 25.34% in case of split injection. The maximum pressure using single injection is 73.54bar. The maximum pressure using split injection is 61.31bar, a16% drop in maximum cylinder pressure with split injection.As far as oxygenated compound blends which have been used to improve the performance, it is found that 5% Diethyl carbonate gives an optimum increase in Brake thermal efficiency of 26.1%.

Abstract

Considerable amount of effluent is generated in textile industries. This dye effluent is recalcitrant to primary and secondary treatments. Primary treatment involves coagulation and flocculation while secondary treatment encompasses activated sludge process. So the importance and urgency of a tertiary treatment process such as ozone-oxidation. The present research encompasses the understanding of the dependence of order of reaction on pH of the solution during dye degradation. The research on ozonation of dye is done in a bubble column reactor. The effect of oxidation-reduction potential  on ozonation of dye is also studied. It gives an understanding that dye degradation by ozonation is highly dependent on acidity or alkalinity of solution. Investigations in the change of redox potentials in the course of ozonation reaction is also analysed. The vision of the area of tertiary treatment by ozonation will be greatly enhanced and enunciated if the research progresses with the help of a tool such as bubble column reactor.

Abstract

The paper presents dimensional synthesis of a spatial 3-RPS parallel manipulator in order that a point on the moving platform occupies a set prescribed positions in space in response to the corresponding sets of joint actuations. The procedure for synthesis involves determination of the dimensions of the fixed and moving platforms along with the directions of revolute joints. A non-traditional optimization method, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to determine the architectural parameters by solving the design equations as an optimization problem. The effectiveness of PSO in solving such problems is demonstrated through a numerical example.

Abstract

In the area of parallel robots, the use of lower-mobility parallel manipulators for many tasks requiring fewer than six degrees of freedom has drawn a lot of interest. This paper work focuses on the modeling and simulation of 3 - UPS (Universal — Prismatic — Spherical) Tripod Parallel Manipulator. This tripod mechanism consists of base platform and movable platform, which are connected by means of three links or limbs. Spherical joints are used to connect one end of the link and the moving platform and the other end of the link is connected by universal joint to the half nut. This tripod type Parallel Manipulator is having two orientation freedoms and one translation freedom, which is actuated by means of screw pair, which in turn is operated by a stepper motor. The Parallel Manipulator is modeled and simulated by using ADAMS®. The results are obtained by considering the link length, initial angle between the link and base platform, moving platform radius and keeping the other parameters like nut size and screw dimensions constant. By performing the simulation, the displacement, angle of tilt and orientation of the moving platform are found graphically. Dimensional synthesis is carried out by considering various link length and moving platform radius to obtain maximum tilt of the mechanism.

Abstract

There is an enormous increase in the complexity of municipal solid waste in India in last few decades. This is largely because of rapid urbanization, uncontrolled population growth and economic development in the country.This paper discusses the status of solid waste in Durg to reveal the current practices in the region.