i-manager Publications

i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering (JCE)

Current Issue Vol. 14 Issue 2

Behavioral Studies on Sorptivity of the Concrete Blended with Nano Silica
Optimization of Lane Based Signalized Intersections through VISSIM at Outer Ring Road Bengaluru
Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data using Mann-Kendall Test and Sen's Slope Estimator
A Review on Sustainable Utilization of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) for the Production of Mortar and Concrete
A Critical Review of Experimental Research on the Durability of Cement Modified with Partial Steel Slag Replacement

Most Cited

Volume 11 Issue 2 March - May 2021

Research Paper

Composition Characterization of Filter Material for Embankment Dams

Umer Salam * , M. Akbar Lone **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.

Salam, U., and Lone, M. A. (2021). Composition Characterization of Filter Material for Embankment Dams. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18131

Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to compare the quality of different filter materials used for dam filters available in different districts of Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. In order to access the cementation potential/quality of the filter materials the filter materials must undergo strict and accurate composition analysis to improve the filter performance. The amounts of chemical constituents like SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, alkalies, and loss on ignition (LOI) were determined in accordance with standard procedures and specifications. The performance of filter materials for embankment dams dependent the characteristics like high silica content, low loss on ignition and ferric oxide of the filter material; therefore, the performance depends on the source of the material. The samples from Ganderbal were found to be the most feasible materials for dam filter application because of their high silica content, low loss on ignition and ferric oxide. Due to poor silica content, significant loss on ignition, and ferric oxide, the Budgam sample should be avoided. Thus, it is envisaged that this study will improve the understanding for the selection of more durable and reliable filter materials used in embankment dams in Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir.

References

[1]. ASTM International. (1990). ASTM C 114-88: Standard specification for Portland cement. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards (vol. 402, pp.89-93). West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.

[2]. Bertram, G. E. (1940). An experimental investigation of protective filters. TRB Weekly. https://trid.trb.org/view/124 790

[3]. Bertram, G. E. (1967). Experience with seepage control measures in earth and rockfill dams. In Transactions of 9^th Congress on Large Dams, Istanbul (Vol. 3).

[4]. Messerklinger, S. (2014). Failure of a geo-membrane lined embankment dam – Case study. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 42(3), 256-266. https://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.geotexmem.2013.12.004

[5]. Messerklinger, S., Aemmer, M., & Straubhaar, R. (2011a). Heightening of the Göscheneralp earth-core rockfill dam. International Journal on Hydropower & Dams, 8(3), 43-50.

[6]. Messerklinger, S., Brenner, R. P., & Zegele, Z. (2011b). Long-term seepage behaviour of an embankment dam founded on rock Strata under artesian pressure. In International Symposium on Modern Technologies and Long-term behaviour of Dams, Zhengzhou, China (pp. 429-438).

[7]. Milligan, V. (2003). Some uncertainties in embankment dam engineering. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129(9), 785-797. https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:9(785)

[8]. Patrashev A. N., & Pravedny, G. K. (1965). Manual on designing of reverse filters for hydroengineering structures. VSN-02-65/GPKE.

[9]. Pravedny, G. K. (1976). Guideline on calculation of seepage strength of dams made of soil materials. P-55- 76/VNIIG. Leningrad.

[10]. Sherard, J. L. (1972). Embankment Dam Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[11]. Sherard, J. L., & Dunnigan, L. P. (1989). Critical filters for impervious soils. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 115(7), 927-947. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410 (1989)115:7(927)

[12]. Sherard, J. L., Dunnigan, L. P., & Talbot, J. R. (1984). Basic properties of sand and gravel filters. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 110(6), 684-700. https://doi. org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:6(684)

[13]. Sherard, J. L., Woodward, R. J., & Gizienski, S. F. (1963). Earth and earth-rock dams – Engineering problems of design and construction. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

[14]. Sherard, J. L. (1979). Sinkholes in dams of coarse, broadly graded soils. In Proceedings of 13^th ICOLD Congress, International Commission on Large Dams, India (Vol.2, pp.25-35).

[15]. Sutherland, K. J. (2002). Quantifying and controlling segregation in earth dam construction (Postgraduate Dissertation) University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Research Paper

Numerical Simulation for Seismic Response of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction on Seismic Design of High-Rise RC Building

Aayush Kumar* , Shriram Chaurasia **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Kumar, A., and Chaurasia, S. (2021). Numerical Simulation for Seismic Response of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction on Seismic Design of High-Rise RC Building. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18040

Abstract

This paper attempts to present a simplistic approach for estimating the effects of soil-foundation-structure-interaction (SFSI) for high-rise buildings constructed over different foundation conditions, to simulate the dynamic response of buildings comparatively with the fixed base condition. In this paper, a nonlinear time history and response spectrum analysis has been carried out using computer code SAP2000 while considering the soil-foundation flexibility to examine the variation in spectral acceleration (SA), spectral displacement (SD), storey displacement, storey drift, base shear obtained according to the seismic regulation in the Indian standard code. Various foundations has been consistently compared and discussed with respect to fixed base founded structure to amplify effects on seismic performance of high-rise building. The study illustrates that the value of base shear and storey displacement is increased with a significant increase in stiffness of superstructure and soil flexibility. It additionally founded that the spectral displacement (SD) and spectral acceleration (SA) are a better trend in the flexible base model with an isolated foundation on medium soil, which offers us evidence that spectral responses of a structure are related to soil condition and foundation types. We can infer that SFSI is relevant for tall buildings resting on medium soil.

References

[1]. Agrawal, P., & Shrikhande, M. (2006). Earthquake resistant design of structures. PHI Learning.

[2]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1984). Code of practice for general construction in steel (IS 800:1984). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1987). Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures (IS 875-3:1987). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2000). Plain and reinforced concrete (IS 456:2000). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (2016). Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures (IS 1893:2016). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[6]. Chopra, A. K. (1995). Dynamics of structure: Theory and application to earthquake engineering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

[7]. Crowley, H., & Pinho, R. (2010). Revisiting Eurocode 8 formulae for periods of vibration and their employment in linear seismic analysis. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 39(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.10 02/eqe.949

[8]. Gu, Q. (2008). Finite element response sensitivity and reliability analysis of soil-foundation-structure-interaction (SFSI) systems. (Doctoral dissertation). University of California, San Diego.

[9]. Kharade, A. S., Kapadiya, S. V., & Belgaonkar, S. L. (2013). Earthquake analysis of tall sky-pod structures by considering the soil structure interaction effect. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(1), 447–454 .

[10]. Kunnath, S. K., & Kalkan, E. (2004). Evaluation of seismic deformation demands using nonlinear procedures in multi-storey steel and concrete moment frames. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 41(1), 159-181.

[11]. Naeim, F., & Lew, M. (1995). On the use of design spectrum compatible time historys. Earthquake Spectra, 11(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585805

[12]. Oz, I., Senel, S. M., Palanci, M., & Kalkan, A. (2020). Effect of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of existing low and mid-rise RC buildings. Applied Sciences, 10(23), 8357. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238357

[13]. Raheem, S. E. A., & Hayashikawa, T. (2013). Soilstructure interaction modeling effects on seismic response of cable-stayed bridge tower. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 5(1), 1-17. https://doi. org/10.1186/2008-6695-5-8

[14]. Raheem, S. E. A., Ahmed, M. M., & Alazrak, T. (2015). Evaluation of soil-foundation-structure interaction effects on seismic response demands of multi-storey MRF buildings on raft foundations. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 7, 11–30. https://doi. org/10.1007/s40091-014-0078-x

[15]. Seifried, A. E., & Baker, J. W. (2016). Spectral variability and its relationship to structural response estimated from scaled and spectrum-matched ground motions. Earthquake Spectra, 32(4), 2191-2205. https://doi.org/ 10.1193%2F061515EQS094M

[16]. Wolf, J. P. (1985). Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall .

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Research Paper

A Study on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Mixes

Arunkumar D. S.* , Shakeeb Ahmed Sawar , Archana M. R. *, V. Anjaneyappa ****

*-**** Department of Civil Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Arunkumar, D. S., Sawar, S. A., Archana, M. R., and Anjaneyappa, V. (2021). A Study on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Mixes. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18255

Abstract

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a popular recycled material used in the construction of pavements. In contrast, incorporating RAP into asphalt mixtures is a complex process that involves a thorough understanding of all aspects of the mix design. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. Based on this study and previous research papers, it is possible to conclude that using RAP is advantageous because RAP mixes can produce results that are equal to or even better than virgin mixes. The specifications and mix design followed the MORTH 5^th revision for dense bituminous macadam grade II mix. The Marshall properties were obtained, which includes bulk density, flow stability, voids in mineral aggregates, and an air void filled with bitumen. RAP mixes have a positive effect on a number of parameters including Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength and rutting. This study provides information about RAP technology to the designers, engineers and researchers.

References

[1]. ASTM International. (2006). ASTM D 6927-15: Standard test method for Marshall stability and flow of bituminous mixtures. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards 2006 (pp. 1-7). West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. https://doi.org/10.1520/D6931-17.2

[2]. ASTM International. (2011). ASTM D 6931-12: Standard test method for Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength of bituminous mixtures. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards 2011 (pp. 1-5). West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. https://doi.org/10.1520/D6927-15.2.

[3]. Barthel, W., Marchand, J. P., & Von Devivere, M. (2004). Warm asphalt mixes by adding a synthetic Zeolite. In Proceedings of the 3^rd Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress Held Vienna (Vol. 1, pp. 1241-1249).

[4]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1963a). Indian method of test for aggregate for concrete, Part I: Particle size and shape (IS 2386–I:1963). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[5]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1963b). Method of test for aggregate for concrete, Part III: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking (IS 2386-III:1963). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[6]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1963c). Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, Part IV: Mechanical properties (IS 2366-IV:1963). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[7]. Bureau of Indian Standard. (1970). Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete (IS 383:1970). New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

[8]. Copeland, A. (2011). Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice (No. FHWA-HRT-11- 021). United States: Federal Highway Administration.

[9]. De Groot, P. C., Bowen, C., Koenders, B. G., Stoker, D. A., Larsen, O., & Johansen, J. (2001, June). A comparison of emissions from hot mixture and warm asphalt mixture production. In International Road Federation World Meeting, Paris.

[10]. Gottumukkala, B., Kusam, S. R., Tandon, V., & Muppireddy, A. R. (2018). Estimation of blending of rap binder in a recycled asphalt pavement mix. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(8). https://doi.org/10.106 1/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002403

[11]. Guo, M., Motamed, A., Tan, Y., & Bhasin, A. (2016). Investigating the interaction between asphalt binder and fresh and simulated RAP aggregate. Materials & Design, 105(6), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.102

[12]. Hasan, M. R. M., Chew, J. W., Jamshidi, A., Yang, X., & Hamzah, M. O. (2019). Review of sustainability, pretreatment, and engineering considerations of asphalt modifiers from the industrial solid wastes. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 6(3), 209- 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.08.001

[13]. Hoyos, L. R., Puppala, A. J., & Ordonez, C. A. (2011). Characterization of cement-fiber-treated reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates: Preliminary investigation. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(7), 977-989. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000267

[14]. Huang, B., Li, G., Vukosavljevic, D., Shu, X., & Egan, B. K. (2005). Laboratory investigation of mixing hot-mix asphalt with reclaimed asphalt pavement. Transportation Research Record, 1929(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0361198105192900105

[15]. Indian Roads Congress. (2013). Specifications for road and bridge works (5th ed.). New Delhi, India: Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. https://skmobi.files.wordpress. com/2017/04/morth-specifications-for-road-bridge-works- 5th-revision-by-sk.pdf

[16]. Kristjánsdóttir, Ó., Muench, S. T., Michael, L., & Burke, G. (2007). Assessing potential for warm-mix asphalt technology adoption. Transportation Research Record, 2040(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2040-10

[17]. McDaniel, R. S., & Anderson, R. M. (2001). Recommended use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the Superpave mix design method: Technician's manual (No. Project D9-12 FY'97) Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

[18]. Sulyman, M., Sienkiewicz, M., & Haponiuk, J. (2014). Asphalt pavement material improvement: A review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 5(5), 444-456. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJE SD.2014.V5.525

[19]. Vargas-Nordcbeck, A., & Timm, D. H. (2012). Rutting characterization of warm mix asphalt and high RAP mixtures. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 13(sup1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.657042

[20]. Xu, Z., Liu, L., Li, D., & Jiang, Z. (2013). Performance of warm asphalt mixture modified by new additives. In International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2013: Safety, Speediness, Intelligence, Low-Carbon, Innovation (pp. 2525-2531). https://doi.org/10.1061/97807 84413159.367

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Research Paper

Studies on Cement Treated Granular Mixes using Various Recycled Aggregates

Shakeeb Ahmed Sawar* , Arunkumar D. S. , Archana M. R., V. Anjaneyappa , Somanath M. Basutkar

*-***** Department of Civil Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India.

Sawar, S. A., Arunkumar, D. S., Archana, M. R., Anjaneyappa, V., and Basutkar, S. M. (2021). Studies on Cement Treated Granular Mixes using Various Recycled Aggregates. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18256

Abstract

In India, the scarcity of construction materials has been resulted from significant infrastructure development operations taking place in both rural and urban areas. The pavement industry is exploring ways to improve lower-quality recycled materials that are often used in road construction. The stabilization of these recycled materials with cement is considered to be one of the most common and widely used techniques to enhance mechanical properties. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and crushed brick (CB) aggregates are abundantly available recycled materials, and their use in road construction and maintenance is a sustainable and environmentally friendly process. In the current study, different proportions of various recycled materials (RAP, RCA, and recycled unbound aggregates) 0% to 100%, blended with different percentages of virgin aggregates were studied and the same mixes were stabilized with different cement contents varying from 0% to 10% for both base and sub-base layers has been investigated. Compaction characteristics and performance tests like unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the same were investigated. Analysis has been performed on the collected UCS data of various recycled aggregates stabilized with different cement content.

References

[1]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (1993). Guide for design of pavement structures. Washington, D.C: AASHTO.

[2]. American Society for Testing and Materials. (2009). Standard specification for graded aggregate material for bases or subbases for highways or airports. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1 520/D2940D2940M-15

[3]. Arisha, A. M., Gabr, A. R., El-Badawy, S. M., & Shwally, S. A. (2018). Performance evaluation of construction and demolition waste materials for pavement construction in Egypt. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002127

[4]. Arulrajah, A., Disfani, M. M., Horpibulsuk, S., Suksiripattanapong, C., & Prongmanee, N. (2014). Physical properties and shear strength responses of recycled construction and demolition materials in unbound pavement base/subbase applications. Construction and Building Materials, 58, 245-257. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.025

[5]. Arulrajah, A., Piratheepan, J., Bo, M. W., & Sivakugan, N. (2012). Geotechnical characteristics of recycled crushed brick blends for pavement sub-base applications. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(7), 796-811. https:// doi.org/10.1139/t2012-041

[6]. Azam, A. M., & Cameron, D. A. (2013). Geotechnical properties of blends of recycled clay masonry and recycled concrete aggregates in unbound pavement construction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(6), 788-798. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-55 33.0000634

[7]. Bestgen, J. O., Hatipoglu, M., Cetin, B., & Aydilek, A. H. (2016). Mechanical and environmental suitability of recycled concrete aggregate as a highway base material. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001564

[8]. Blankenagel, B. J., & Guthrie, W. S. (2006). Laboratory characterization of recycled concrete for use as pavement base material. Transportation Research Record, 1952(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F03611 98106195200103

[9]. Chummuneerat, S., Jitsangiam, P., & Nikraz, H. (2013, August). Shrinkage behaviour of cement modified base course materials for Western Australian pavements. In International Public Works Conference.

[10]. Davis, K. A., Warr, L. S., Burns, S. E., & Hoppe, E. J. (2007). Physical and chemical behavior of four cementtreated aggregates. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(10), 891-897. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:10(891)

[11]. Dong, Q., & Huang, B. (2014). Laboratory evaluation on resilient modulus and rate dependencies of RAP used as unbound base material. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(2), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1061/(AS CE)MT.1943-5533.0000820

[12]. Euch Khay, S. E., Euch Ben Said, S. E., Loulizi, A., & Neji, J. (2015). Laboratory investigation of cement-treated reclaimed asphalt pavement material. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(6), 04014192. https://doi. org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001158

[13]. Ghanizadeh, A. R., Rahrovan, M., & Bafghi, K. B. (2018). The effect of cement and reclaimed asphalt pavement on the mechanical properties of stabilized base via full-depth reclamation. Construction and Building Materials, 161, 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.con buildmat.2017.11.124

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[28]. Puppala, A. J., Pedarla, A., Chittoori, B., Ganne, V. K., & Nazarian, S. (2017). Long-term durability studies on chemically treated reclaimed asphalt pavement material as a base layer for pavements. Transportation Research Record, 2657(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2657-01

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[32]. Soares, R., Haichert, R., Podborochynski, D., & Berthelot, C. (2013). Modeling in situ performance of cement-stabilized granular base layers of urban roads. Transportation Research Record, 2363(1), 88-95. https:// doi.org/10.3141%2F2363-10

[33]. Taha, R., Al-Harthy, A., Al-Shamsi, K., & Al-Zubeidi, M. (2002). Cement stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate for road bases and sub-bases. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 14(3), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:3(239)

[34]. Thakur, J. K., Han, J., & Parsons, R. L. (2017). Factors influencing deformations of geo cell-reinforced recycled asphalt pavement bases under cyclic loading. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(3). https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001760

[35]. Xuan, D. X., Houben, L. J. M., Molenaar, A. A. A., & Shui, Z. H. (2012a). Mechanical properties of cementtreated aggregate material–a review. Materials and Design, 33, 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes. 2011.04.055

[36]. Xuan, D. X., Houben, L. J. M., Molenaar, A. A. A., & Shui, Z. H. (2012b). Mixture optimization of cement treated demolition waste with recycled masonry and concrete. Materials and Structures, 45(1), 143-151. https://doi.org/ 10.1617/s11527-011-9756-3

[37]. Yuan, D., Nazarian, S., Hoyos, L. R., & Puppala, A. J. (2011). Evaluation and mix design of cement-treated base materials with high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Transportation Research Record, 2212(1), 110- 119. https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2212-12

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Review Paper

State-of-Art Review – Buckling Prevented Thin-Walled Member

Kowsalya M.* , Iyappan G. R. **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kowsalya, M., and Iyappan, G. R. (2021). State-of-Art Review – Buckling Prevented Thin-Walled Member. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18207

Abstract

The use of thin-walled sections in the construction of residential and industrial buildings is very common. Thin-walled section elements are vulnerable to local buckling due to their slender nature. As a result, they will be unable to fulfil their minimum yielding capacity. Due to their high slenderness, mono-symmetric nature, eccentricity of shear centre, and low-torsional rigidity, they suffer from certain buckling modes due to their simple forming techniques and easy connectivity. Hence, it is necessary that these buckling modes are either delayed or eliminated to increase the ultimate capacity of thin-walled members. In multi-storey towers, where the Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) are thicker than the thin-walled portions, BRBs are widely used as lateral load resistant systems. The amount of strength required to prevent buckling of thin-walled parts would be less than that required by BRB. As a result, similar techniques cannot be employed due to the infill weight and tube sections involved. Therefore, a mechanism to avoid buckling must be created in order to enhance the efficiency and failure modes of such sections. The review comprises research that has been done to examine the consequences of buckling mode and its behaviour under various loading conditions. Buckling restraining the thin-walled part using Ultra- LightweightConcrete Composite (ULCC) can be used instead of BRBs.

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Review Paper

Study on Flexural Performance of Novel Sandwich Panel with Porous Concrete Core

R. Sudhir Kumar* , J. Arunraj Christadoss **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, R. S., and Christadoss, J. A. (2021). Study on Flexural Performance of Novel Sandwich Panel with Porous Concrete Core. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18100

Abstract

Sandwich panel system is a lightweight, energy efficient and economic construction technique for civil infrastructures. They consist of concrete wythes, lightweight core material and connectors. The objective of this paper is to present the past findings and highlight the current trends in research. In this paper, the types of sandwich panels, their constituents, design considerations, test methodology and their failure modes are reviewed along with the porous concrete properties and test methods. Based on this, a novel sandwich panel with an idea of porous concrete as a lightweight core material has been obtained and is discussed.

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*-** Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India.

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State-of-Art Review – Buckling Prevented Thin-Walled Member

Kowsalya M.* , Iyappan G. R. **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kowsalya, M., and Iyappan, G. R. (2021). State-of-Art Review – Buckling Prevented Thin-Walled Member. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18207

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Study on Flexural Performance of Novel Sandwich Panel with Porous Concrete Core

R. Sudhir Kumar* , J. Arunraj Christadoss **

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kumar, R. S., and Christadoss, J. A. (2021). Study on Flexural Performance of Novel Sandwich Panel with Porous Concrete Core. i-manager's Journal on Civil Engineering, 11(2), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.26634/jce.11.2.18100

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