Windblown sand transport presents a critical challenge to civil structures and infrastructure, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to quantify windblown sand action and assess mitigation measures, integrating statistical and engineering principles. The research systematically reviews existing models, highlighting limitations in deterministic approaches and the necessity for reliability-based methodologies. The study applies the proposed framework to railway infrastructure in the Arabian Peninsula, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing windblown sand risks and mitigation strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating wind engineering, geomorphology, and structural reliability analysis to develop resilient designs for civil structures.