This article provides a concise history of road transport vehicles and then analyses the environmental problems caused by them. Many problems have arisen as a result of modern transportation, such as air pollution, global warming, and the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Key nations' present and future electric car needs are covered in the article. Following this, it explains several electric vehicle kinds with the use of well-organized graphics. After a brief introduction to hybrid cars and their concepts, this article will go over the several configurations of Hybrid Electric cars (HEVs), including series, parallel, series-parallel, torque-coupling, and speed-coupling systems, and how they work. The text provides an easy-to-understand explanation of the main points of electric cars. The article concludes by discussing possible future prospects for engineers and the electric vehicle industry.