i-manager Publications

Study of Corrosion and its Preventive Measures

Tusharika Singh*, Santosh Kumar**, Rakesh Kumar***

* Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.

** Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India.

*** Department of Regulatory Affair and Quality Assurance, Auxein Medical Pvt. Ltd, Sonipat, Haryana India.

Periodicity:October - December'2023
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.19.1.20200

Abstract

Corrosion is one of the primary causes of wear and tear on machine parts and is responsible for reducing the life of machinery parts. Several industrial accidents occur because of pipeline corrosion. There are various methods to protect the materials from oxidation, wear and corrosion. These preventive measures include pretreatments of metals, proper design and selection of right selection, sacrificial method, cathodic protection, barrier protection, electroplating, zinc galvanizing by hot dipping and thermal spray coatings. However among various preventive measures thermal spray coating offered high resistance against erosion, corrosion and oxidation. Therefore, providing an overview of the various types of corrosion, their causes, mechanisms, costs, and related preventive measures is the aim of this study. This information aims to enable proactive measures in mitigating the impact of corrosion-related issues.

Keywords

Corrosion, Causes of Corrosion, Types of the Corrosion, Mechanism of Corrosion, Preventive Measures.

How to Cite this Article?

Singh, T., Kumar, S., and Kumar, R. (2023). Study of Corrosion and its Preventive Measures. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, 19(1), 29-47. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.19.1.20200

References

[1]. Agarwala, V. S. (2004, March). Control of corrosion and service life. In NACE CORROSION. NACE, New Orleans, Louisiana.

[2]. Ahmad, Z. (2006). Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control. Elsevier.

[3]. Al-Hussaini, A. S. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable polymers as new high-performance engineering plastics. High Performance Polymers, 26(2), 166-174.

[4]. Atencio, E., Araya, P., Oyarce, F., Herrera, R. F., Muñoz-La Rivera, F., & Lozano-Galant, F. (2022). Towards the integration and automation of the design process for domestic drinking-water and sewerage systems with BIM. Applied Sciences, 12(18), 9063.

[5]. Babusiaux, D. (2007). Oil and Gas Exploration and Production: Reserves, Costs, Contracts. Editions Technip.

[6]. Baierle, I. C., da Silva, F. T., de Faria Correa, R. G., Schaefer, J. L., Da Costa, M. B., Benitez, G. B., & Benitez Nara, E. O. (2022). Competitiveness of food industry in the era of digital transformation towards agriculture 4.0. Sustainability, 14(18), 11779.

[7]. Bailey, T., & Berg, P. (2009). The vocational education and training system in the United States. In Vocational Training (pp. 271-294). Routledge.

[8]. Bajpai, P. (2011). Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper. John Wiley & Sons.

[9]. Balamurugan, A., Rajeswari, S., Balossier, G., Rebelo, A. H. S., & Ferreira, J. M. F. (2008). Corrosion aspects of metallic implants-An overview. Materials and Corrosion, 59(11), 855-869.

[10]. Bedi, T. S., Kumar, S., & Kumar, R. (2019). Corrosion performance of hydroxyapaite and hydroxyapaite/titania bond coating for biomedical applications. Materials Research Express, 7(1), 015402.

[11]. Bharatiya, U., Gal, P., Agrawal, A., Shah, M., & Sircar, A. (2019). Effect of corrosion on crude oil and natural gas pipeline with emphasis on prevention by ecofriendly corrosion inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Journal of Bio-and Tribo-Corrosion, 5, 1-12.

[12]. Biezma, M. V., & San Cristobal, J. R. (2005). Methodology to study cost of corrosion. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 40(4), 344-352.

[13]. Brown, B. F. (1972). Stress-Corrosion Cracking in High Strength Steels and in Titanium and Aluminum Alloys. Naval Research Laboratory.

[14]. Chandel, R., & Kumar, S. (2016). Productivity enhancement using DMAIC approach: a case study. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science, Technology & Engineering, 5(1), 112-116.

[15]. Chen, D., Han, E. H., & Wu, X. (2016). Effects of crevice geometry on corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel during crevice corrosion in high temperature pure water. Corrosion Science, 111, 518-530.

[16]. Chen, Z. Y., Cui, F., & Kelly, R. G. (2008). Calculations of the cathodic current delivery capacity and stability of crevice corrosion under atmospheric environments. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 155(7), C360.

[17]. Cheng, Y. F. (2013). Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

[18]. Cocco, A. R., Mayer, M., & Montanaro, A. (2023). When the Lights Go Out: Public Sector Management of Abandoned Sport Facilities. Public Works Management & Policy, 28(1), 11-32.

[19]. Cotter, R. J. (1995). Engineering Plastics: A Handbook of Polyarylethers. Taylor & Francis.

[20]. Crolet, J. L. (1993). Mechanisms of uniform corrosion under corrosion deposits. Journal of Materials Science, 28, 2589-2606.

[21]. Dariva, C. G., & Galio, A. F. (2014). Corrosion inhibitors–principles, mechanisms and applications. Developments in Corrosion Protection, 16, 365-378.

[22]. Dhawan, S. K., Bhandari, H., Ruhi, G., Bisht, B. M. S., & Sambyal, P. (2020). Corrosion Preventive Materials and Corrosion Testing. CRC Press.

[23]. El-Sherik, A. M. (Ed.). (2017). Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission. Woodhead Publishing.

[24]. Erkut, E., Tjandra, S. A., & Verter, V. (2007). Hazardous materials transportation. Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, 14, 539-621.

[25]. Farh, H. M. H., Seghier, M. E. A. B., & Zayed, T. (2023). A comprehensive review of corrosion protection and control techniques for metallic pipelines. Engineering Failure Analysis, 143, 106885.

[26]. Galvele, J. R., & de De Micheli, S. M. (1970). Mechanism of intergranular corrosion of Al-Cu alloys. Corrosion Science, 10(11), 795-807.

[27]. Guo, S., Xu, D., Li, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, S., & Macdonald, D. D. (2021). Corrosion characteristics and mechanisms of typical Ni-based corrosion-resistant alloys in sub-and supercritical water. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 170, 105138.

[28]. Haddadi, S. A., Ramezanzadeh, M., Tehrani, M. E. H. N., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2022). Sodium lignosulfonateloaded ZnAl-layered double hydroxide decorated graphene oxide nanolayers; toward fabrication of sustainable nanocomposite for smart corrosion prevention. Journal of Cleaner Production, 374, 133980.

[29]. Harahap, S., Puspitasari, S. D., Fauzah, D., Sigiro, M. W. M., Ragil, M., Muhaimin, A. A., & Astuti, P. (2023, October). Comparison between sacrificial anode cathodic protection and impress current cathodic protection in concrete structures: A review. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2846 (1). AIP Publishing.

[30]. Harrison, C. (2022). Electricity capital and accumulation strategies in the US electricity system. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 5(4), 1716-1737.

[31]. Harrison, J. J., Payne, T. E., Child, D. P., Hotchkis, M. A. C., Johansen, M. P., Thiruvoth, S., & Zawadzki, A. (2022). Migration of 239, 240PU and 233U from a Low-Level Radioactive Waste Site. South Pacific Environmental Radioactivity Association.

[32]. Harsimran, S., Santosh, K., & Rakesh, K. (2021). Overview of corrosion and its control: A critical review. Proceedings on Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 13-24.

[33]. Helmut, K. (2003). Corrosion of Metals: Physicochemical Principles and Current Problems. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg.

[34]. Hou, B., Li, X., Ma, X., Du, C., Zhang, D., Zheng, M., & Ma, F. (2017). The cost of corrosion in China. Materials Degradation, 1(1), 4.

[35]. Hwang, S., Kang, M., Lee, A., Bae, S., Lee, S. K., Lee, S. H., & Kim, T. W. (2022). Integration of multiple electronic components on a microfibre towards an emerging electronic textile platform. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3173.

[36]. Iannuzzi, A., Salasi, M., & Hornus, E. (2019). Crevice Corrosion. Engineering Engrxiv.

[37]. Islam, N. (2022). Corrosion and its effect: A critical appraisal. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (396-408).

[38]. Jafarzadeh, S., Zhao, J., Shakouri, M., & Bobaru, F. (2022). A peridynamic model for crevice corrosion damage. Electrochimica Acta, 401, 139512.

[39]. Jang, B. S., & Oh, B. H. (2010). Effects of non-uniform corrosion on the cracking and service life of reinforced concrete structures. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(9), 1441-1450.

[40]. Jirarungsatian, C., & Prateepasen, A. (2010). Pitting and uniform corrosion source recognition using acoustic emission parameters. Corrosion Science, 52(1), 187-197.

[41]. Jmiai, A., & Abdallah, E. A. (2023). Corrosion processes and strategies for protection. In Anti-Corrosive Nanomaterials (pp. 25-56). CRC Press.

[42]. Jones, R. H. (2003). Stress-Corrosion Cracking. ASM Handbooks Online.

[43]. Kadhim, A., Al-Amiery, A. A., Alazawi, R., Al-Ghezi, M. K. S., & Abass, R. H. (2021). Corrosion inhibitors. A review. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 10(1), 54-67.

[44]. Kadhim, M. G., & Ali, M. T. (2017). A critical review on corrosion and its prevention in the oilfield equipment. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies, 7(2), 162-189.

[45]. Keeler, T. E. (2010). Railroads, Freight, and Public Policy. Brookings Institution Press.

[46]. Khalid, S., Hotovec, S., & Clancy, J. (2023). Utilities' Need for Advanced Telecommunications. Climate and Energy, 39(6), 1-10.

[47]. Khalifeh, A. (2020). Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Materials. Engineering Failure Analysis, IntechOpen.

[48]. Khan, M. A. A., Irfan, O. M., Djavanroodi, F., & Asad, M. (2022). Development of sustainable inhibitors for corrosion control. Sustainability, 14(15), 9502.

[49]. Khanna, V., Singh, K., Kumar, S., Bansal, S. A., Channegowda, M., Khalid, M., & Chaudhary, V. (2022). Engineering electrical and thermal attributes of twodimensional graphene reinforced copper/aluminium metal matrix composites for smart electronics. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 11(12), 127001.

[50]. Kim, J. K., Kim, Y. H., Lee, B. H., & Kim, K. Y. (2011). New findings on intergranular corrosion mechanism of stabilized stainless steels. Electrochimica Acta, 56(4), 1701-1710.

[51]. Koch, G. (2017). Cost of corrosion: Trends in oil and gas corrosion research and technologies. Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy (pp. 3-30). ScienceDirect.

[52]. Koch, G. H., Brongers, M. P., Thompson, N. G., Virmani, Y. P., & Payer, J. H. (2002). Corrosion Cost and Preventive Strategies in the United States. Federal Highway Administration, United States.

[53]. Koch, G. H., Brongers, M. P., Thompson, N. G., Virmani, Y. P., & Payer, J. H. (2005). Cost of corrosion in the United States. In Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials (pp. 3-24). William Andrew Publishing.

[54]. Kostic, N., Živče, S., Camagic, I., & Lazarević, D. (2022). Corrosion Costs for Oil and Gas Industry. ResearchGate.

[55]. Kumar, K., Kumar, S., & Gill, H. S. (2023a). Role of surface modification techniques to prevent failure of components subjected to the fireside of boilers. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 23(1), 1-15.

[56]. Kumar, M., Kant, S., & Kumar, S. (2019c). Corrosion behavior of wire arc sprayed Ni-based coatings in extreme environment. Materials Research Express, 6(10), 106427.

[57]. Kumar, R., & Kumar, S. (2018a). Comparative parabolic rate constant and coating properties of nickel, cobalt, iron and metal oxide based coating: A review. i-manager's Journal on Material Science, 6(1), 45.

[58]. Kumar, R., & Kumar, S. (2018b). Thermal spray coating process: A study. International Journal of Engineering Science and Research Technology, 7(3), 610-617.

[59]. Kumar, R., Kumar, R., & Kumar, S. (2018b). Erosion corrosion study of HVOF sprayed thermal sprayed coating on boiler tubes: A review. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 1(3), 1-6.

[60]. Kumar, R., Singh, R., & Kumar, S. (2018c). Erosion and hot corrosion phenomena in thermal power plant and their preventive methods: a study. Asian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 7(1), 38-45.

[61]. Kumar, R., Thakur, H., Kumar, M., Luthra, G., & Kumar, S. (2023b). Corrosion and wear behaviour of metal matrix composites. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, 18(3), 1-16.

[62]. Kumar, S. (2022). Influence of processing conditions on the mechanical, tribological and fatigue performance of cold spray coating: A review. Surface Engineering, 38(4), 324-365.

[63]. Kumar, S., & Kumar, M. (2022). Tribological and mechanical performance of coatings on piston to avoid failure-A review. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 22(4), 1346-1369.

[64]. Kumar, S., & Kumar, R. (2020). Gas dynamic cold spraying: A review on materials, parameters, applications and challenges. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, 16(2).

[65]. Kumar, S., & Kumar, R. (2021). Influence of processing conditions on the properties of thermal sprayed coating: A review. Surface Engineering, 37(11), 1339-1372.

[66]. Kumar, S., Handa, A., & Kumar, R., (2019d). Overview of wire arc spray process: A review. A Journal of Composition Theory, 12(7), 900-907.

[67]. Kumar, S., Handa, A., Chawla, V., Grover, N. K., & Kumar, R. (2021). Performance of thermal-sprayed coatings to combat hot corrosion of coal-fired boiler tube and effect of process parameters and post-coating heat treatment on coating performance: A review. Surface Engineering, 37(7), 833-860.

[68]. Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Handa, A. (2018a). Combating hot corrosion of boiler tubes–A study. Engineering Failure Analysis, 94, 379-395.

[69]. Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Handa, A. (2019a). Comparative study of high temperature oxidation behavior and mechanical properties of wire arc sprayed NiCr and NiAl coatings. Engineering Failure Analysis, 106, 104173.

[70]. Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Handa, A. (2019b). High temperature oxidation and erosion-corrosion behaviour of wire arc sprayed Ni-Cr coating on boiler steel. Materials Research Express, 6(12), 125533.

[71]. Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Handa, A. (2020a). Erosion corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of wire arc sprayed Ni-Cr and Ni-Al coating on boiler steels in a real boiler environment. Materials at High Temperatures, 37(6), 370-384.

[72]. Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Jindal, N. (2020b). Overview of cold spray coatings applications and comparisons: A critical review. World Journal of Engineering, 17(1), 27-51.

[73]. Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Singh, S., Singh, H., & Handa, A. (2020c). The role of thermal spray coating to combat hot corrosion of boiler tubes: a study. Journal of Xidian University, 14(5), 229-239.

[74]. Lemaire, G., Franzluebbers, A., de Faccio Carvalho, P. C., & Dedieu, B. (2014). Integrated crop–livestock systems: Strategies to achieve synergy between agricultural production and environmental quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 190, 4-8.

[75]. Li, S. Q., & Liu, H. B. (2022). Analysis of probability matrix model for seismic damage vulnerability of highway bridges. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13(1), 1395-1421.

[76]. Liu, A. Y., Oi, J. C., & Zhang, Y. (2022). China's local government debt: The grand bargain. The China Journal, 87(1), 40-71.

[77]. Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., Long, J., Xu, Z., Jiao, S., Qiao, Y., & Yin, F. (2023). Corrosion behaviour of hot-rolled 316L stainless steel-A6 carbon steel composite steel plate for marine environment. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 26, 556-570.

[78]. Loto, C. A. (2017). Stress corrosion cracking: Characteristics, mechanisms and experimental study. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93(9-12), 3567-3582.

[79]. Melchers, R. E. (2018). A review of trends for corrosion loss and pit depth in longer-term exposures. Corrosion and Materials Degradation, 1(1), 42-58.

[80]. Miller, W. K., Shipley, R., Parrington, R., & Dennies, D. (1993). Stress-Corrosion Cracking. ASM Handbooks Online.

[81]. Mohan, R., Saxena, N. V., Shrivastava, A., Sharma, P. K., Choubey, A., & Kumar, S. (2023). Performance optimization and numerical analysis of boiler at husk fuel based thermal power plant. In E3S Web of Conferences, 405, 02010. EDP Sciences.

[82]. National Research Council. (2011). Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering. The National Academies Press, Washington.

[83]. Ndayitezibiganza, T. (2023). IOT Based-System for Telecom Tower Fire Detection and Aviation Obstruction Light Monitoring (Doctoral dissertation, NM-AIST).

[84]. Nejneru, C., Savin, C., Perju, M. C., Burduhos-Nergis, D. D., Costea, M., & Bejinariu, C. (2019, July). Studies on galvanic corrosion of metallic materials in marine medium. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 572(1), 012106. IOP Publishing.

[85]. Nichols, L. (2014). Refining Overview: Leading Nations by Capacity. Hydrocarbon Processing.

[86]. Oldfield, J. W., & Sutton, W. H. (1978). Crevice corrosion of stainless steels: I. A mathematical model. British Corrosion Journal, 13(1), 13-22.

[87]. OO, A., CN, N., & AO, A. (2012). Evaluation of corrosion cost of crude oil processing industry. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 7(4), 517-518.

[88]. Page, C. L. (1975). Mechanism of corrosion protection in reinforced concrete marine structures. Nature, 258(5535), 514-515.

[89]. Papavinasam, S. (2013). Corrosion Control in the Oil and Gas Industry. Elsevier.

[90]. Pardo, A., Otero, E., Merino, M. C., López, M. D., Utrilla, M. V., & Moreno, F. (2000). Influence of pH and chloride concentration on the pitting and crevice corrosion behavior of high-alloy stainless steels. Corrosion, 56(04).

[91]. Parida, S., Das, S., & Mallik, A. (2022). An experimental study of copper electroplating by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at room temperature. Materials Today: Proceedings, 66, 544-547.

[92]. Payer, J. H. (2003). Direct Costs of Corrosion in the United States. ASM Handbooks Online.

[93]. Pedeferri, P., & Ormellese, M. (2018). Corrosion Science and Engineering. Springer.

[94]. Pedeferri, P., & Pedeferri, P. (2018). Cathodic and anodic protection. Corrosion Science and Engineering, 383-422.

[95]. Popoola, A. P. I., Olorunniwo, O. E., & Ige, O. O. (2014). Corrosion resistance through the application of anti-corrosion coatings. Developments in Corrosion Protection, 13(4), 241-270.

[96]. Powell, P. C., & Housz, A. I. (2023). Engineering with Polymers. CRC Press.

[97]. Revie, R. W. (2008). Corrosion and Corrosion Control: An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

[98]. Rhodes, P. R. (2001). Environment-assisted cracking of corrosion-resistant alloys in oil and gas production environments: A review. Corrosion, 57(11), 923-966.

[99]. Roberge, R. P. (1999). Handbook of Corrosion Engineering. McGraw-Hill Education, NewYork.

[100]. Rosenfeld, I. L., & Marshakov, I. K. (1964). Mechanism of crevice corrosion. Corrosion, 20(4), 115t-125t.

[101]. Saha, S. K., & Kang, N. (2022). Carbon Allotropes: Nanostructured Anti-Corrosive Materials. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.

[102]. Sancy, M., Gourbeyre, Y., Sutter, E. M., & Tribollet, B. (2010). Mechanism of corrosion of cast iron covered by aged corrosion products: Application of electrochemical impedance spectrometry. Corrosion Science, 52(4), 1222-1227.

[103]. Schmidt, D. P., Shaw, B. A., Sikora, E., & Shaw, W. W. (2006). Corrosion protection assessment of barrier properties of several zinc-containing coating systems on steel in artificial seawater. Corrosion, 62(4), 323-339.

[104]. Sharma, M., Jindal, H., Kumar, D., Kumar, S., & Kumar, R. (2022). Overview on corrosion, classification and control measure: A study. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering & Technology, 17(2), 26-36.

[105]. Sharma, V., Kumar, S., Kumar, M., & Deepak, D. (2020). High temperature oxidation performance of Ni-Cr-Ti and Ni-5Al coatings. Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 3397-3406.

[106]. Sierpinski, G. (2011). Travel behaviour and alternative modes of transportation. Springer (pp. 86-93).

[107]. Singh, S., Kumar, S., & Khanna, V. (2023). A review on surface modification techniques. Material Today Proceedings (pp. 1-10).

[108]. Sotoodeh, K. (2021). Chapter Twelve—Material selection and corrosion. Subsea Valves Actuators Oil Gas Ind (pp. 421-457).

[109]. Sun, W., Luo, N., Liu, Y., Li, H., & Wang, D. (2022). A new self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator based on polyurethane coating and its application for selfpowered cathodic protection. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(8), 10498-10507.

[110]. Tang, K., Baskaran, V., & Nemati, M. (2009). Bacteria of the sulphur cycle: An overview of microbiology, biokinetics and their role in petroleum and mining industries. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 44(1), 73-94.

[111]. Taylor, C. D., Gale, J. D., Strehblow, H. H., & Marcus, P. (2015). An introduction to corrosion mechanisms and models. Molecular Modeling of Corrosion Processes: Scientific Development and Engineering Applications (pp. 1-34).

[112]. Taylor, C. D., Lu, P., Saal, J., Frankel, G. S., & Scully, J. R. (2018). Integrated computational materials engineering of corrosion resistant alloys. Materials Degradation, 2(1), 6.

[113]. Tedmon, C. S., Vermilyea, D. A., & Rosolowski, J. H. (1971). Intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steel. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 118(2), 192.

[114]. Vargel, C. (2020). Corrosion of Aluminium. Elsevier.

[115]. Visser, J. P. (1998). Developments in HSE management in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. United Kingdom.

[116]. Williams, J. C., & Starke Jr, E. A. (2003). Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems. Acta Materialia, 51(19), 5775-5799.

[117]. Winzer, N., Atrens, A., Song, G., Ghali, E., Dietzel, W., Kainer, K. U., & Blawert, C. (2005). A critical review of the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of magnesium alloys. Advanced Engineering Materials, 7(8), 659-693.

[118]. Wittcoff, H. A., Reuben, B. G., & Plotkin, J. S. (2012). Industrial Organic Chemicals. John Wiley & Sons.

[119]. Yasakau, K. A., Zheludkevich, M. L., Lamaka, S. V., & Ferreira, M. G. (2006). Mechanism of corrosion inhibition of AA2024 by rare-earth compounds. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(11), 5515-5528.

[120]. Zarras, P., & Stenger-Smith, J. D. (2015). Smart inorganic and organic pretreatment coatings for the inhibition of corrosion on metals/alloys. Intelligent Coatings for Corrosion Control (pp. 59-91).

[121]. Zeineddine, F. (2021). Stress Corrosion Cracking and Mechanisms. ResearchGate.

If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Single Article

	North Americas,UK, Middle East,Europe		India	Rest of world
	USD	EUR	INR	USD-ROW
Online	15	15

ADD TO CART

Options for accessing this content:

If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.