References
[1]. Allen, C., & Berggren, J. (2016). Digital literacy and sustainability – a field study in EFL teacherdevelopment. In S. Papadima-Sophocleous, L. Bradley & S. Thouësny (Eds), CALL Communities and Culture – Short Papers from EUROCALL 2016 (pp. 14-19). https://doi.org/10.14705/ rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.53
[2]. Avidov-Ungar, O., & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2011). Teachers in a world of change: Teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards the implementation of innovative technologies in schools. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 7(1), 291-303.
[3]. Buck, A. (2012). Examining digital literacy practices on social network sites. Research in the Teaching of English, 47(1), 9-38.
[4]. Celik, S., & Aytin, K. (2014). Teachers' views on digital educational tools in English language learning: Benefits and challenges in the Turkish context. Tesl-Ej, 18(2), 1-18.
[5]. Chase, Z., & Laufenberg, D. (2011). Embracing the squishiness of digital literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54(7), 535-537. https://doi.org/10.1598/ JAAL.54.7.7
[6]. Cirit, N. C. (2015). Assessing ELT pre-service teachers via Web 2.0 Tools: Perceptions toward traditional, online and alternative assessment. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 14(3), 9-19.
[7]. Cote, T., & Milliner, B. (2018). Asurvey of EFL teachers' digital literacy: A report from a Japanese Unıversity. Teaching English with Technology, 18(4), 71-89.
[8]. Digital Literacy European Commission Working Paper. (2007). Retrieved from https://www.ifap.ru/librar y/ book386.pdf on August 5, 2019.
[9]. Durriyah, T. L., & Zuhdi, M. (2018). Digital Literacy with EFL Student Teachers: Exploring Indonesian Student Teachers' Initial Perception about Integrating Digital Technologies into a Teaching Unit. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 53-60. Educational Technology, 24(1), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.14742/ ajet.1233
[10]. Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2004). Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1), 93-106.
[11]. Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2009). A holistic model of thinking skills in the digital era. In Rogers, P., Berg. G., Boettcher, J., Howard, C., Justice, L., Schenck, K. (Eds.), Enclopedia of nd Distance Learning (2 Ed) (pp. 1088-1093). New York: Information Science Reference.
[12]. Eshet-Alkalai, Y., & Chajut, E. (2009). Changes over time in digitalliteracy. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 12(6), 713-715.
[13]. Eshet-Alkalai, Y., & Chajut, E. (2010). You can teach old dogs new tricks: The factors that affect changes over time in digital literacy. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 9(1), 173-181.
[14]. Hobbs, R., & Tuzel, S. (2017). Teacher motivations for digital and media literacy: An examination of Turkish educators. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12326
[15]. Hockly, N. (2012). Digital literacies. ELT Journal, 66(1), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccr077
[16]. Hutchison, A. (2012). Literacy teachers' perceptions of professional development that increases integration of technology into literacy instruction. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 21(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1475939X.2012.659894
[17]. Juurakko-Paavola, T., Rontu, H., & Nelson, M. (2018). Language teacher perceptions and practices of digital literacy in Finnish higher education. AFinLAn vuosikirja, 75(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.30661/afinlavk.69640
[18]. Kennedy, G. E., Judd, T. S., Churchward, A., Gray, K., & Krause, K.-L. (2008). First year students' experiences with technology: Are they digital natives? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(1), 108-122.
[19]. Krippendorf, K. (1980). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodologies. London, UK: Sage.
[20]. Liu, J. (2009). A survey of EFL learners' attitudes toward information and communication technologies. English Language Teaching, 2(4), 101-106.
[21]. Margaryan, A., Littlejohn, A., & Vojt, G. (2011). Are digital natives a myth or reality? University students' use of digital technologies. Computers & Education, 56(2), 429- 440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.09.004
[22]. Martin, A., & Grudziecki, J. (2006). DigEuLit: Concepts and tools for digital literacy development. Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences, 5(4), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.11120/ ital.2006.05040249
[23]. Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy? Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065-1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016
[24]. Oz, H. (2015). Assessing pre-service english as a foreign language teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge. International Education Studies, 8(5), 119-130.
[25]. Oz, H., Demirezen, M., & Pourfeiz, J. (2015). Digital device ownership, computer literacy, and attitudes toward foreign and computer-assisted language learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.028
[26]. Pegrum, M. (2010). 'I link, therefore I am': Network literacy as a core digital literacy. E-learning and Digital Media, 7(4), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.2304/ elea.2010.7.4.346
[27]. Pianfetti, E. S. (2001). Focus on research: Teachers and technology: Digital literacy through professional development. Language Arts, 78(3), 255-262.
[28]. Rambousek, V., Štípek, J., & Vaňková, P. (2016). Contents of digital literacy from the perspective of teachers and pupils. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.101
[29]. Saglam, A. L. G., & Sert, S. (2012). Perceptions of inservice teachers regarding technology integrated English language teaching. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 3(3), 1-14.
[30]. Son, J. B., Park, S. S., & Park, M. (2017). Digital literacy of language learners in two different contexts. JALT CALL Journal, 13(2), 77-96.
[31]. Son, J. B., Robb, T., & Charismiadji, I. (2011). Computer literacy and competency: A survey of Indonesian teachers of English as a foreign language. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 12(1), 26-42.
[32]. White, J. (2015). Digital Literacy Skills for FE Teachers. Learning Matters. London, Sage Publication.
[33]. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
