Effect of Monoglycerides, Water and Soap Contamination on the Low Temperature Flow Properties of Pongamia Biodiesel

Amit Sarin*, Meetu Singh**, Neerja***, N.P. Singh****
* Associate Professor and Head, Department of Physical Sciences, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
** Research Scholar, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
*** Assistant Professor, Department of Physics and Electronics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
**** Dean, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Periodicity:February - April'2017
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.3.13433

Abstract

Biodiesels are the promising fuels to secure the energy needs and environment. Transesterification is the process typically followed to synthesize biodiesels from the respective oil and this process may transcend minor contaminants during production. These contaminants, include monoglycerides (MG), soap traces, water traces, and other unsaponifiable matter, which adversely affects the low temperature flow properties which may lead to the gum formation and declines the performance of engine. The present research paper investigated the influence of monoglycerides, water and soap contamination with variable concentration on the low temperature flow properties, viz. Cloud Point (CP), Pour Point (PP), and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of Pongamia biodiesel with standard testing methods. This study reveals the limit of contamination level upto which the response of low temperature flow properties need utmost action to eradicate the negative effect for better outcomes. The CP was increased from -1 oC and reaches 4 oC with 10000 ppm of MG with varying concentrations of soap and water (ppm). However, PP was increased to maximum of reaches 0 oC from -6 oC, for the different blends of contaminants. However, CFPP was increased from -2 oC to 2 oC with varying contamination. Had these points were increased by minor level, but study recommends the proper care to be taken during the pre and post transesterification.

Keywords

Biodiesels, Transesterification, Low Temperature Flow Properties, Monoglycerides, Contamination

How to Cite this Article?

Sarin, A., Singh, M., Neerja and Singh, N.P., (2017). Effect of Monoglycerides, Water and Soap Contamination on the Low Temperature Flow Properties of Pongamia Biodiesel. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(3), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.3.13433

References

[1]. Ali, Y., and Hanna, M.A. (1994). “Alternative Diesel Fuels From Vegetable Oils”. Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 153-163.
[2]. Berchmans, H.J., and Hirata, S. (2008). “Biodiesel Production from crude Jatropha Curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acid”. Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 1716-1721.
[3]. Karmee, S.K., and Chadha, A. (2005). “Preparation of Biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia pinnata”. Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 96, No. 13, pp. 1425-1429.
[4]. Alkabbashi, A.N., Alam, M.Z., Mirghani, M.E.S., and Al-Fusaiel, A.M.A., (2009). “Biodiesel production from Crude Palm oil by transesterification process”. Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 17, pp. 3166-3170.
[5]. Chiu, C.W., Scumacher, L.G., and Suppes, G.J. (2004). “Impact of cold flow improvers on Soybean biodiesel blend”. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 485-491.
[6]. Gui, M.M., Lee, K.T., and Bhatia, S. (2008). “Feasibility of edible oil vs. non edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock”. Energy, Vol. 33, No. 11, pp. 1646- 1653.
[7]. Malhotra, R.K., and Sarin, R. (2004). “Bio-diesel for energy security, environment protection and employment generation”. SAE Publication, Vol. 28.
[8]. Alnuami, W., Buthainah, A., Etti, C.J., Jassim, L.I., and Gomes, G.A. (2014). “Evaluation of Different Materials for Biodiesel Production”. Int. J. of Innovative Technol., and Exploring Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 1-8.
[9]. Dunn, R.O. (2009). “Effects of minor constituents on cold flow properties and performance of biodiesel”. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 481–489.
[10]. Dunn, R.O., and Bagby, M.O. (1995). “Lowtemperature phase behavior of vegetable oil/co-solvent blends as alternative diesel fuel”. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Vol. 77, No. 12, pp. 1315-1323.
[11]. Sanjay B. (2013). “Non-Conventional Seed Oils as Potential Feedstocks for future Biodiesel Industries: A Brief Review”. Research J. of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 99-103.
[12]. Imahara, H., Minami, E., and Saka, S. (2006). “Thermodynamic study on cloud point of biodiesel with its fatty acid composition”. Fuel, Vol. 85, No. 12, pp. 1666- 1670.
[13]. Soriano, J.N., Migo, V.P., and Matsumura, M. (2006). “Ozonised vegetable oil as pour point depressant for neat biodiesel”. Fuel, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 25-31.
[14]. Wang, J., Cao, L., and Han, S. (2014). “Effect of polymeric cold flow improvers on flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil”. Fuel, Vol. 117, pp. 876–881.
[15]. Chupka, G.M., Fouts, L., Lennon, J.A., Alleman, T.L., Daniels, D.A., and McCormick, R.L., (2014). “Saturated monoglyceride effects on low-temperature performance of biodiesel blends”. Fuel Processing Techno., Vol. 118, pp. 302-309.
[16]. Verma, P., Sharma, M.P., and Dwivedi, G. (2016). “Evaluation and enhancement of cold flow properties of palm oil and its biodiesel”. Energy Reports, Vol. 2, pp. 8- 13.
[17]. Sarin, R., Kumar, R., Srivastav, B., Puri, S.K., Tuli, D.K., Malhotra, R.K., and Kumar, A. (2009). “Biodiesel surrogates: Achieving per formance demands”. Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 100, No. 12, pp. 3022-3028.
[18]. Shrestha, D.S., Gerpen, J.V., and Thompson, J. (2008). “Effectiveness of Cold Flow Additives on Various Biodiesels, Diesel, and their Blends”. Transactions of the ASABE, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1365-1370.
[19]. Anwar, A., and Garforth, A. (2016). “Challenges and opportunities of enhancing cold flow properties of biodiesel via heterogeneous catalysis”. Fuel, Vol. 173, pp. 189-208.
[20]. Monirul, I.M., Kalam, M.A., Masjuki, H.H., Zulkifli, N.W.M., Shahir, S.A., Mosarof, M.H., and Ruhul, A.M., (2017). “Influence of poly (methyl acrylate) additive on cold flow properties of coconut biodiesel blends and exhaust gas emissions”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 101, pp. 702-712.
[21]. Sarin, A., Arora, R., Singh, N.P., Sarin, R., Malhotra, R.K., and Kundu, K. (2009). “Effect of blends of Palm- Jatropha-Pongamia biodiesels on cloud point and pour point”. Energy, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 2016-2021.
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Pdf 35 35 200 20
Online 35 35 200 15
Pdf & Online 35 35 400 25

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.