HIV in Pakistan: Healthcare Providers, Intended Harm and Ethics

Shakir Rahman *
Masters of Sciences in Nursing (MScN), Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Periodicity:May - July'2020
DOI : https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.10.2.16924

Abstract

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus which attacks the human immune cells (White blood cells) and silently destroys the cells, making the affected person vulnerable to different diseases. Global HIV & AIDS statistics showed 37.9 million people living with HIV globally, in which 1.7 million people were newly diagnosed with the virus, and around 1.1 million people have died with AIDS and related illnesses globally. The principal of equal liberty states that “ morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action. The outbreak of the HIV virus in the area is an eye opener for the local healthcare authorities to examine the policies regarding infectious diseases and to do amendments in order to protect the society from the lethal disease. The Health Department must provide immediate anti-viral treatment to the affected patients. The health department should communicate with the stakeholders to develop effective infectious disease control policies on a national scale. The Health Care Commission should identify wrong practices and take firm action against local which violate the health norms and regulations.

Keywords

Commentary, HIV, Pakistan, Ethics of Care, Theory of Justice, Deontology, Communitarianism.

How to Cite this Article?

Rahman, S. (2020). HIV in Pakistan: Health Care Providers and Ethics. i-manager's Journal on Nursing, 10(2), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.10.2.16924

References

[1]. Bayer, R. (1996). AIDS Prevention - Sexual Ethics and Responsibility. The New England Journal of Medicine, 334 (23), 1540-1542. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199606063 342312
[2]. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press, USA, (pp. 221- 223).
[3]. Benatar, S. R. (2004). Health care reform and the crisis of HIV and AIDS in South Africa. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(1),81-92. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMhpr 033471
[4]. Bryan, C. S., Call, T. J., & Elliott, K. (2007). The ethics of infection control: philosophical frameworks. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 28(9), 1077-1084. https:// doi.org/10.1086/519863
[5]. Callahan, D. (2003). Principlism and communitarianism. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(5), 287-291. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/jme.29.5.287
[6]. Cheyette, C. M. (2011). Communitarianism and the ethics of communicable disease: Some preliminary thoughts. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(4), 678-689. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00635.x
[7]. Evans, R., & Thomas, F. (2009). Emotional interactions and an ethics of care: Caring relations in families affected by HIV and AIDS. Emotion, Space and Society, 2(2), 111- 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2009.08.003
[8]. Fry, C. L., Treloar, C., & Maher, L. (2005). Ethical challenges and responses in harm reduction research: promoting applied communitarian ethics. Drug And Alcohol Review, 24(5), 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1080/09 595230500263905
[9]. HIV. (2003). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from https:// medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/HIV
[10]. Mande, W. (2018). Adoption of an Ethic of Communitarian Servership in Controlling HIV/AIDS Among the Youth. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2 139/ssrn.3304801
[11]. Medical News Today (2017). What is HIV and AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/ articles/17131.php#what-is-hiv
[12]. Nelson, W., Greene, M., & West, A. (2010). Rural Health care Ethics: No Longer the Forgotten Quarter. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 19(4), pp. 510-517. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S096318011000040X
[13]. UNAIDS. (2019). Global HIV and AIDS statistics-2020 Fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org/en/ resources/fact-sheet
[14]. Wasserman, H., & de Beer, A. (2004). Covering HIV/AIDS: Towards a heuristic comparison between communitarian and utilitarian ethics. South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, 30(2), 84-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02500160408537997
[15]. World Health Organization. (2019). WHO HIV-Cases in Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/csr/don/03- july-2019-hiv-cases-pakistan/en/
If you have access to this article please login to view the article or kindly login to purchase the article

Purchase Instant Access

Single Article

North Americas,UK,
Middle East,Europe
India Rest of world
USD EUR INR USD-ROW
Pdf 35 35 200 20
Online 35 35 200 15
Pdf & Online 35 35 400 25

Options for accessing this content:
  • If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
    Library Recommendation Form
  • If you already have i-manager's user account: Login above and proceed to purchase the article.
  • New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.