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i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

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Effects of Drill Pipe Length and Weight on Bit on Lateral and Longitudinal Vibrations
Shell Tube Exchanger Parametric Investigation and Performance Simulation using Ansys
Fatigue Life Prediction of Aluminum 6061 Alloy through Experimental and Numerical Analysis under Various Stress Ratios in Axial Tension-Tension Loading Condition
Enhancing the Control of Boron Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Plates through Intelligent Implementation of PZT Sensor and Actuator
Ball Mill Energy Efficiency Optimization Techniques: A Review

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Volume 8 Issue 3 May - July 2018

Article

Comparative Study on Brake Testing Standards of Trucks and Buses

Yadhu S. Aswan* , Ankit Pandey, P. V. Srihari*

* Deputy Manager, Volvo Eicher Commercial Vehicles, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Deputy Manager, VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

* Associate Professor, Product Design and Manufacturing, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Aswan, Y. S., Pandey, A., and Srihari, P. V. (2018). Comparative Study on Brake Testing Standards of Trucks and Buses. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14052

Abstract

One of the most relevant parameters for vehicle authentication is the brake performance of the vehicle. Countries follow their own automotive standards for various components manufactured. Criteria put forth by these standards may vary accordingly. The key brake performance parameters considered are its stopping distance, deceleration, and stopping time. This article delivers a comparative study on three brake testing standards: Indian Standard, European Economic Commission, and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The article provides an outline to brake testing procedure of service, secondary and parking brakes of automobiles with four or more wheels without trailer. Parameters like Mean Fully Developed Deceleration (MFDD) and Stopping Distance are discussed in detail. Tests prescribed by the three standards like P type test, F type test, H type test, and Burnishing test are detailed. Parameters have been compared according to the specifications as per the standards. This article shall be of assistance to policymakers and industrial experts to select the best criteria out of these three standards while framing revised editions of testing standards.

References

[1]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2001). Automotive Vehicles - brakes and braking systems, Part 1: Terminology, First Revision (IS 11852-1: 2001). New Delhi, India.

[2]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2001). Automotive Vehicles - Brakes and Braking Systems, Part 2: General Functions and Features, First Revision (IS 11852-2: 2001). New Delhi, India.

[3]. Bureau of Indian Standards. (2001). Automotive vehicles - brakes and braking systems, Part 3: Performance requirements and evaluation, First Revision (IS 11852-3: 2001). New Delhi, India.

[4]. Crolla, D. (Ed.). (2009). Automotive Engineering E-Mega Reference. Butterworth-Heinemann.

[5]. European Economic Commission Standards. (2004). ECE R13.

[6]. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (2005). Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems. Washington.

[7]. Gillespie, T.D. (1992). Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics. Warrendale: SAE International.

[8]. Kumbhar, B. K., Patil, S. R., & Sawant, S. M. (2017). A comparative study on automotive brake testing standards. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 98(4), 527-531.

[9]. Rudolf, L. (2011). Brake Design and Safety, 3 Ed. Warrendale: SAE International.

[10]. Stone, R., & Ball, J. K. (2004). Automotive Engineering Fundamentals (Vol. 199). SAE Technical Paper.

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Research Paper

Surface Finish Achieved in Producing Pneumatic Piston Rod: An Experimental Investigation

Karuppasamy Ramasamy* , Milon Selvam Dennison, E. Baburaj*

- Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ramasamy, K., Dennison, M. D., and Baburaj, E. (2018). Surface Finish Achieved in Producing Pneumatic Piston Rod: An Experimental Investigation. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14733

Abstract

The objective of this research work is to find the optimal set of process parameters to produce better quality products for pneumatic piston rod application through turning operation. The control factors considered for the study are spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and tool nose radius (r), and the experiments are planned based on Taguchi's L₉(3⁴) orthogonal array. The experiments were conducted in a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) turning centre using CNMG TiN coated carbide cutting tool insert of three different nose radius, such as 0.4 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1.2 mm, on AISI 1040 medium carbon steel. The optimal combination of control factors and the corresponding levels were determined for the minimum surface roughness based on signal to noise ratio using MINITAB statistical software and simultaneously, a mathematical model was developed for the surface roughness through regression analysis. The confirmation result revealed the effectiveness of Taguchi's technique by providing better quality product.

References

[1]. Baburaj, E., Sundaram, K. M., & Senthil, P. (2016). Effect of high speed turning operation on surface roughness of hybrid metal matrix (Al-SiC p-fly ash) composite. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30(1), 89-95.

[2]. Belavendram, N. (1995). Quality by Design: Taguchi Technique for Industrial Experimentation. Experimental Quality: A Strategic Approach to Achieve and Improve Quality, 47-72.

[3]. Benlahmidi, S., Aouici, H., Boutaghane, F., Khellaf, A., Fnides, B., & Yallese, M. A. (2017). Design optimization of cutting parameters when turning hardened AISI H11 steel (50 HRC) with CBN7020 tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 89(1-4), 803-820.

[4]. Boix, M., Montastruc, L., Azzaro-Pantel, C., & Domenech, S. (2015). Optimization methods applied to the design of eco-industrial parks: A literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 303-317.

[5]. Corsi, P., & Dulieu, M. (2013). The Marketing of Technology Intensive Products and Services: Driving Innovations for Non-marketers. John Wiley & Sons.

[6]. Debnath, S., Reddy, M. M., & Yi, Q. S. (2016). Influence of cutting fluid conditions and cutting parameters on surface roughness and tool wear in turning process using Taguchi method. Measurement, 78, 111-119.

[7]. Deshpande, Y., Andhare, A., & Sahu, N. K. (2017). Estimation of surface roughness using cutting parameters, force, sound, and vibration in turning of Inconel 718. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 39(12), 5087-5096.

[8]. Ibrahim, G. A., Haron, C. C., & Ghani, J. A. (2009). The effect of dry machining on surface integrity of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(1), 121- 127.

[9]. Karuppasamy, R., Dawood, A. S., & Karuppusami, G. (2012). Reducing the surface roughness of pneumatic cylinder piston rod in turning process using Genetic Algorithm. Optimization, 2(4), 566-571.

[10]. Khare, S. K., & Agarwal, S. (2017). Optimization of machining parameters in turning of aisi 4340 steel under cryogenic condition using Taguchi Technique. Procedia CIRP, 63, 610-614.

[11]. Kirby, E. D., Zhang, Z., Chen, J. C., & Chen, J. (2006). Optimizing surface finish in a turning operation using the Taguchi parameter design method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 30(11- 12), 1021-1029.

[12]. Kopac, J., Stoic, A., & Lucic, M. (2006). Dynamic instability of the hard turning process. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 17(1-2), 373-376.

[13]. Madhavi, S. K., Sreeramulu, D., & Venkatesh, M. (2017). Evaluation of optimum turning process of process parameters using DOE and PCA Taguchi Method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(2), 1937-1946.

[14]. Mia, M., & Dhar, N. R. (2017). Optimization of surface roughness and cutting temperature in high-pressure coolant-assisted hard turning using Taguchi method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 88(1-4), 739-753.

[15]. Montgomery, D. C. (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley & Sons.

[16]. Selvam, M. D., & Senthil, P. (2016). Investigation on the effect of turning operation on surface roughness of hardened C45 carbon steel. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering,14(2), 131-137.

[17]. Selvam, M. D., & Sivaram, N. M. (2017). The effectiveness of various cutting fluids on the surface roughness of AISI 1045 steel during turning operation using minimum quantity lubrication system. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 36-43.

[18]. Selvam, M. D., Dawood, D. A. S., & Karuppusami, D. G. (2012). Optimization of machining parameters for face milling operation in a vertical CNC milling machine using Genetic Algorithm. IRACST-Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), 2(4), 544-548.

[19]. Shetty, R., Pai, R., Kamath, V., & Rao, S. S. (2008). Study on surface roughness minimization in turning of DRACs using surface roughness methodology and Taguchi under pressured steam jet approach. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(1), 59-67.

[20]. Thamizhmanii, S., Saparudin, S., & Hasan, S. (2007). Analyses of surface roughness by turning process using Taguchi method. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 20(1-2), 503-506.

[21]. Xiao, Z., Liao, X., Long, Z., & Li, M. (2017). Effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness using orthogonal array in hard turning of AISI 1045 steel with YT5 tool. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93(1-4), 273-282.

[22]. Yang, A., Han, Y., Pan, Y., Xing, H., & Li, J. (2017). Optimum surface roughness prediction for titanium alloy by adopting response surface methodology. Results in Physics, 7, 1046-1050.

[23]. Zerti, O., Yallese, M. A., Khettabi, R., Chaoui, K., & Mabrouki, T. (2017). Design optimization for minimum technological parameters when dry turning of AISI D3 steel using Taguchi method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 89(5-8), 1915- 1934.

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Research Paper

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Natural Draft Improved Biomass Cookstove

Vikas Kumar* , Kangkan Jyoti Baishya, Pankaj Kalita*

* B. Tech Graduate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

B. Tech Graduate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India.

* Assistant Professor, Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.

Kumar, V., Baishya, K. J., and Kalita, P. (2018). Design and Experimental Investigation of a Natural Draft Improved Biomass Cookstove. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14734

Abstract

Cookstove is one of the oldest technologies in the world and is known since 100,000 BC for preparing food. Due to incomplete and poor combustion in traditional cookstoves, it not only consumes a large amount of fuel, but also emits harmful gases which cause severe health problems. Designing a biomass cookstove is dependent mostly on empirical information and hit and trial method of experimentation, influenced by various thermodynamic and heat transfer calculations, which is costly. The proposition is to design a simple yet efficient natural draft biomass cookstove, which is cheap and affordable for all groups of people and should also accommodate their existing cooking practices along with very little or no emission of harmful gases. The performance parameters will be calculated using simulation, and then if found appropriate, fabrication will be done. In this approach, firstly standard Water Boiling Test on two biomass cookstoves available to the team was conducted and various performance parameters of the same were calculated. After experimentation, various important factors required for designing a biomass cookstove were defined and a natural draft biomass cookstove was designed, and detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the temperature, flame velocity and pressure distribution in the configuration was done using ANSYS Fluent. After the simulation, it was found that the range in which temperature, flame velocity and pressure distribution of the biomass cookstove designed in this research is in good agreement with the results mentioned in literature for free or natural convection. On the basis of results obtained, it was concluded that the design of natural draft improved biomass cookstove is reliable and fabrication of the same will be feasible and will meet the objective set by the team. Here, an idea of the capability of CFD in the field of modelling and analyzing various properties of biomass combustion was known, and it was deduced that ample amount of time and expenses related to experimental investigations can be reduced if CFD is implemented at the proper early stage.

References

[1]. Ayo, S. A. (2009). Design, construction and testing of an improved wood stove. AU JT, 13(1), 12-18.

[2]. Bryden, M., Still, D., Scott, P., Hoffa, G., Ogle, D., Bailis, R., & Goyer, K. (2005). Design Principals for Wood Burning Cook Stoves. Aprovecho Research Center.

[3]. Cast Iron or Steel Wood Burning Stoves – Which is best?. Stoves are Us Blog. Retrieved from https://stovesareus. word press. com/2011/06/07/cast-iron-or-steel-woodburning-stoves-which-is-best/ [Cited 15.06.2016]

[4]. Cengel, Y. A. (2002). Heat Transfer: A Practical nd Approach. 2 Ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York, 2002.

[5]. Dhopte, B., Mundhe, S., & Kokil, P. (2015). Biomass stove: Effect of air to fuel ratio on thermal efficiency. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 4(6), 960-963.

[6]. Drave, A., & Mishra, K. P.(2016). Development of energy efficient cooking systems for rural masses. International Journal of Management, Information Technology and Engineering, 4(2), 37-48.

[7]. Ekouevi, K., Freeman, K. K., & Soni, R. (2014). Understanding the Differences between Cookstoves. Live Wire, Washington DC, World Bank, 2014. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/184 11. [Cited 11.06.2016]

[8]. Fluent Inc. (2009). ANSYS Fluent 12.0 Users' Guide.

[9]. Furbo, E. (2010). Evaluation of RANS turbulence models for flow problems with significant impact of boundary layers [MS Thesis]. Uppsala University, Sweden, 2010.

[10]. Heat Transfer and Cooking. Cooking for Engineers. Retrieved from http://www.cookingforengineers.com/ article/224/Heat-Transfer-and-Cooking. [Cited 01.07.2016]

th [11]. Holman, J. P. (2010). Heat Transfer. 10 ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., New York.

[12]. Honkalaskar, V. H, Bhandarkar, U. V, & Sohoni, M. (2013). Development of a fuel efficient cookstove through a participatory bottom-up approach. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 3(1), 16.

[13]. Household Air Pollution and Health. World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/. [Cited16.06.2016]

[14]. Huangfu, Y., Li, H., Chen, X., Xue, C., Chen, C., & Liu, G.(2014). Effects of moisture content in fuel on thermal performance and emission of biomass semi-gasified cookstove. Energy for Sustainable Development, 21, 60- 65.

[15]. Incropera, F. P., Dewitt, D. P., Lavine, A. S., & Bergman, th T. L.(2011). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7 Ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc.

[16]. Khan, A. H. M. R., Eusuf, M., Prasad, K. K., Moerman, E., Cox, M. G. D. M., Visser, A. M. J., & Drisser, J. A. J. (1995). The development of improved cooking stove adapted to the conditions in Bangladesh. Final report of collaborative research project between IFRD, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 1995.

[17]. Kontogeorgos, D., Keramida, E., & Founti, M. (2003). Radiative heat transfer modeling of natural gas diffusion flames. First European Combustion Meeting, Orleans, France, 25-28.

[18]. Kshirsagar, M. P., & Kalamkar, V. R. (2014). A comprehensive review on biomass cookstoves and a systematic approach for modern cookstove design.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 580-603.

[19]. Kshirsagar, M. P., & Kalamkar, V. R. (2015). A mathematical tool for predicting thermal performance of natural draft biomass cookstoves and identification of a new operational parameter. Energy, 93, 188-201.

[20]. MacCarty, N. A. (2013). A zonal model to aid in the design of household biomass cookstoves [MS Thesis]. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, 2013.

[21]. MacCarty, N. A., & Bryden, K. M. (2015). Modeling of household biomass cookstoves: A review. Energy for Sustainable Development, 26, 1-13.

[22]. MacCarty, N., Ogle, D., Still, D., Bond, T., & Roden, C. (2008). A laboratory comparison of the global warming impact of five major types of biomass cooking stoves. Energy for Sustainable Development, 12(2), 56-65.

[23]. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2016). National Biomass Cookstove Programme. Government of India. Retrieved from http://www.mnre.gov.in/schemes/ decentralized-systems/national-biomass-cookstovesinitiative/. [Cited 25.06.2016]

[24]. Muralidharan, V., Sussan, T. E., Limaye, S. , Koehler, K., Williams, D., Rule, A. M., & Biswal, S. (2015). Field testing of alternative cookstove performance in a rural setting of western India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(2), 1773-1787.

[25]. Novozhilov, V., Moghtaderi, B., Fletcher, D. F., & Kent, J. H. (1996). Computational fluid dynamics modelling of wood combustion. Fire Safety Journal, 27(1), 69-84.

[26]. Ochieng, C. A., Tonne, C., & Vardoulakis, S. (2013). A comparison of fuel use between a low cost, improved wood stove and traditional three-stone stove in rural Kenya. Biomass and Bioenergy, 58, 258-266.

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[28]. Rajanna, A. H., Shyamala, D.C., & Belagali, S. L. (2014). Safer chulha for rural area households in India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(1), 8884-8888.

[29]. Raman, P., Murali, J., Sakthivadivel, D., & Vigneswaran, V. (2013). Evaluation of domestic cookstove technologies implemented across the world to identify possible options for clean and efficient cooking solutions. Journal of Energy and Chemical Engineering, 1(1), 15-26.

[30]. Ravi, M.R., Kohli, S., & Ray, A. (2002). Use of CFD simulation as a design tool for biomass stoves. Energy for Sustainable Development, 6(2), 20-27.

[31]. Ruiz-Mercado, I., Masera, O., Zamora, H., & Smith K. R.(2011). Adoption and sustained use of improved cookstoves. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7557-7566.

[32]. Sayma, A. (2006). Computational Fluid Dynamics. Bookboon.

[33]. Sowgath, M. T., Rahman, M. M., Nomany, S. A., Sakib M. N. , & Junayed, M. (2015). CFD study of biomass cooking stove using Autodesk simulation CFD to improve energy efficiency and emission characteristics. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1255-1260.

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[35]. The Environment Department. (2011). Household cookstoves, environment, health, and climate change: A new look at an old problem. The World Bank, 2011.

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Research Paper

Optimization of Process Parameters on Die-Sinking EDM with Twin Tool Setup Using Taguchi Method

B. Vinod Kumar* , D. J. Jyothsna Devi, M. Chandra Sekhara Reddy*

* PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh, India.

* Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andra Pradesh, India.

Kumar, B.V., Devi, D. J. J., and Reddy, M. C. S. (2018). Optimization of Process Parameters on Die-Sinking EDM with Twin Tool Setup Using Taguchi Method. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14736

Abstract

The present research work concentrated on optimization of process parameters to explore the effects of electrode material, Voltage and Duty Cycle in Die-Sinking Electrical Discharge Machine (DSEDM) with Twin Tool Setup. In this experiment, Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR) in machining of Through holes on Copper workpiece, using a couple of copper and steel electrodes with straight polarity have been calculated. In view of the experiments and using Taguchi's design of experiments, response tables and graphs have been made. For high MRR and low TWR, the most significant factor is Voltage. Based on the optimization results from Signal-to-Noise ratios (S/N ratios), it is observed that high MRR is obtained for Copper (Cu) electrode, 55 V and 70% duty cycle, and low TWR for Stainless Steel (SS) electrode, 55 V and 70% duty cycle. Additionally, a comparison is made amongst copper and steel electrodes based on Machining time, MRR and TWR; it is observed that copper electrode is the best material for machining of Through holes on copper workpiece.

References

[1]. Ali, M. A., Samsul, M., Hussein, N. I. S., Rizal, M., Izamshah, R., Hadzley, M., ... & Sivarao, S. (2013). The effect of EDM Die-sinking parameters on material removal rate of beryllium copper using full factorial method. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16(1), 44-50.

[2]. Amorim, F. L., & Weingaertner, W. L. (2004). Die-sinking electrical discharge machining of a high-strength copperbased alloy for injection molds. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 26(2), 137-144.

[3]. Aruna, K., & Hiremath, S. S. (2017). Investigation on Machining of Silica Wafer using developed Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (-EDM). International Journal of Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering, 4(4), 55-61.

[4]. Babu, T. V., & Soni, J. S. (2016). Investigation of process parameters optimization in Die-Sinking EDM to improve process performance using Taguchi technique. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR - JMCE), 13 (5), 130-133.

[5]. Balasubramanian, P., & Senthilvelan, T. (2014). Optimization of machining parameters in EDM process using cast and sintered copper electrodes. Procedia Materials Science, 6, 1292-1302.

[6]. Banker, K. S., Parmar, S. P., &. Parekh, B. C. (2013). Performave improvement of Die Sinking EDM using powder mixed dielectric fluid: A review. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 2(2), 1-4.

[7]. Bundel, B. R. (2015). Experimental investigation of Electrode Wear in Die-Sinking EDM on Different Pulse-on & off Time (s) in cylindrical copper electrode. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 5, 49-54.

[8]. Jeevamalar, J., & Ramabalan, S. (2015). Die sinking EDM process parameters: A review. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 4(1), 315-326.

[9]. Li, J., Shi, S., & Zhao, S. (2013). Modeling and analysis of Micro-hole in Die-sinking EDM process through Response Surface Method based on the Central Composite Design. International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, 6(6), 351-364.

[10]. Ojha, K., Garg, R. K., & Singh, K. K. (2010). MRR improvement in sinking electrical discharge machining: A review. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 9(08), 709-739.

[11]. Pawade, M. M., & Banwait, S. S. (2013). A brief review of die sinking electrical discharging machining process towards automation. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1(2), 43-49.

[12]. Rathod, C. M., & Chudasama, M. (2008). An Investigation of hole size, circularity and delamination during drilling operation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer-A review. International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, 2(1), 53-59.

[13]. Skrabalak, G., & Stwora, A. (2016). Electrochemical, electro discharge and electrochemical-discharge hole drilling and surface structuring using batch electrodes. Procedia CIRP, 42, 766-771.

[14]. Uhlmann, E., & Domingos, D. C. (2013). Development and optimization of the die-sinking EDM-technology for machining the nickel-based alloy MAR-M247 for turbine components. Procedia CIRP, 6, 180-185.

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Research Paper

Enhancement of Impact Strength of a Car Bumper Using Natural Fiber Composite Made of Jute

P. Ragupathi* , N. M. Sivaram, Venkatesan*, Kanthimathi****

,Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

**** Research Scholar,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ragupathi, P., Sivaram, N. M., Vignesh, G., and Selvam, M. D. (2018). Enhancement of Impact Strength of a Car Bumper Using Natural Fiber Composite Made of Jute. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14737

Abstract

The primary requirements of the present day automobiles are improved fuel efficiency and reduced emission levels. One way to achieve these two requirements is to decrease the weight of the components in the automobile without compromising on the strength of the components. The reduction in the weight of the components without compromising the strength of the automobile is achieved by using fiber-based composite materials in the automobile. The work reported in this paper compares the impact strength, cost and weight of jute-based composite bumper with that of the existing steel bumper. In this paper, the outline and development of a composite bumper made of jute fiber fortified polymer are explained. Hand lay-up process was utilized to develop the composite bumper and the same is carried out by using jute and epoxy bidirectional laminates. The jute composite bumper was developed by applying a series of jute fiber layers and liquid resin layers. Later, Charpy impact test was carried out to find the impact strength of composite bumper which was observed to be 7.14 J/mm². When compared with the steel bumper, the composite bumper is 58% less in cost and a weight reduction of 56.1% is achieved.

References

[1]. Aigbodion, V. S., Edokpia, R. O., Asuke, F., & Eke, M. N. (2018). Development of egg shell powder solution as ecofriendly reagent: For chemical treatment of natural fibers for polymer composites production. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 559-564.

[2]. Bavan, D. S. & Kumar, G. C. M. (2010). Potential use of natural fiber composite materials in India. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(24), 3600-3613.

[3]. Bhaskar, J., & Singh, V. K. (2013). Water absorption and compressive properties of coconut shell particle reinforced-epoxy composite. J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 4(1), 113-118.

[4]. Braga, R., & Magalhaes, J. (2014). Rear bumper laminated in jute fiber with polyester resin. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(9), 174-184.

[5]. Cantero, G., Arbelaiz, A., Llano-Ponte, R., & Mondragon, I. (2003). Effects of fibre treatment on wettability and mechanical behaviour of flax/ polypropylene composites. Composites Science and Technology, 63(9), 1247-1254.

[6]. Chandramohan, D., & Marimuthu, K. (2011). A review on natural fibers. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 8(2), 194-206.

[7]. Fazita, M. N., Khalil, H. A., Wai, T. M., Rosamah, E., & Aprilia, N. S. (2017). Hybrid bast fiber reinforced thermoset composites. In Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials, 3, 203-234.

[8]. Huq, T., Khan, A., Noor, N., Saha, M., Khan, R. A., Khan, M. A., ... & Tahman, K. M. (2010). Fabrication and characterization of jute fiber-reinforced PET composite: effect of LLDPE incorporation. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49(4), 407-413.

[9]. John, A., & Alex, S. (2014). A review on the composite materials used for automotive bumper in passenger vehicles. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 4(4), 98-101.

[10]. Leão, A., Sartor, S. M., & Caraschi, J. C. (2006). Natural fibers based composites-technical and social issues. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 448(1), 161-763.

[11]. Liu, Z., Lu, J., & Zhu, P. (2016). Lightweight design of automotive composite bumper system using modified particle swarm optimizer. Composite Structures, 140, 630- 643.

[12]. Mounika, M., Ramaniah, K., Prasad, A. R., Rao, K. M., & Reddy, K. H. C. (2012). Thermal conductivity characterization of bamboo fiber reinforced polyester composite. J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 3(6), 1109-1116.

[13]. Muthukumar, V., Venkatasamy, R., Sureshbabu, A., & Arunkumar, D. (2011). A study on mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced laminates of epoxy (Ly 556) Polymer Matrix Composites. International Journal of Production Technology and Management Research, 2(2), 67-72.

[14]. Pickering, K. L., Efendy, M. A., & Le, T. M. (2016). A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 83, 98-112.

[15]. Prabhakaran, S., Chinnarasu, K., & Kumar, M. S. (2012). Design and fabrication of composite bumper for light passenger vehicles. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 2(4), 2552-2556.

[16]. Rana, A. K., & Jayachandran, K. (2000). Jute fiber for reinforced composites and its prospects. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 353(1), 35-45.

[17]. Saidulu, H., & Hussain, M. M. (2018). Comparative study of tensile strength properties of fiber reinforced composite laminates with different orientations of fibers. imanager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(1), 26- 30.

[18]. Selvam, M. D., & Sivaram, N. M. (2017). The effectiveness of various cutting fluids on the surface roughness of AISI 1045 Steel during turning operation using minimum quantity lubrication system. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 36-43.

[19]. Senthiil, P. V., & Sirsshti, A. (2014). Studies on material and mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 3(11), 18-27.

[20]. Suresh, V. S., & Kumari, A. S. (2018). Enhancing the functioning of the composite leaf spring using helping spring. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(1), 20-25.

[21]. Suresh, R., Sivaramakrishnaiah, M., & Reddy, B. S. (2017). Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite used for automotives and its mechanical properties analysis. i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 7(4), 33- 41.

[22]. Torres, J. P., Vandi, L. J., Veidt, M., & Heitzmann, M. T. (2017). The mechanical properties of natural fibre composite laminates: A statistical study. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 98, 99-104.

[23]. Verma, D., Gope, P. C., Maheshwari, M. K., & Sharma, R. K. (2012). Bagasse fiber composites - A review. J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 3(6), 1079-1092.

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Research Paper

A Study on Influence of Inlet Pressure and Fiber Architecture on The Quality of Sample Made From VARTM

L. Ramesh* , A. M. K. Prasad, G. Chandra Mohan Reddy, D. V. Ravi Shankar, M. A. Mateen

Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering at Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Retired Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Principal and Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Professor and Principal, TKR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nizam Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ramesh, L., Prasad, A. M. K., Reddy, G. C. M., Shankar, D. V. R., and Mateen, M. A. (2018). A Study on Influence of Inlet Pressure and Fiber Architecture on the Quality of Sample Made From VARTM. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14182

Abstract

Fiber reinforced polymers are used extensively in various engineering applications due to their advantages such as producing any component with any form and shape. Resin infusion process is the most effective technique being employed in processing of components with intricate geometric details. However, the mechanical behavior is affected by various parameters in such production process. The present study aims at understanding the effect of parameters such as fiber architectures, number of layers, and inlet vacuum in the mould on the mechanical properties of the e-glass/polyester composites. Two different fiber architectures (i) chopped strand and (ii) Unidirectional (UD) mat are selected where the number of layers are varied as 4 layers, 5 layers, and 6 layers. Three different vacuum pressures (i) 200 mm of Hg, (ii) 300 mm of Hg, and (iii) 400 mm of Hg are selected in the present study for preparation of samples. The results indicate that there is a considerable effect of the above said parameters on the mechanical behavior of the material.

References

[1]. Acheson, J. A., Simacek, P., & Advani, S. G. (2004). The implications of fiber compaction and saturation on fully coupled VARTM simulation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(2), 159-169.

[2]. Ambrosi, D., & Preziosi, L. (2000). Modeling injection molding processes with deformable porous preforms. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 61(1), 22-42.

[3]. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2000a). Tensile properties of plastics (ASTM D638-2000). Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA.

[4]. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2000b). Impact resistance of plastics and electrical insulating materials (ASTM D256-2000). Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA.

[5]. Baker, M. J. (2011). CFD simulation of flow through packed beds using the finite volume technique (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exerter).

[6]. Brocks, T., Shiino, M. Y., Cioffi, M. O. H., Voorwald, H. J. C., & Caporalli Filho, A. (2013). Experimental RTM manufacturing analysis of carbon/epoxy composites for aerospace application. Materials Research, 16(5), 1175- 1182.

[7]. Brouwer, W. D., Van Herpt, E. C. F. C., & Labordus, M. (2003). Vacuum injection moulding for large structural applications. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 34(6), 551-558.

[8]. Chen, R., Dong, C., Liang, Z., Zhang, C., & Wang, B. (2004). Flow modeling and simulation for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process with the equivalent permeability method. Polymer Composites, 25(2), 146- 164.

[9]. Correia, N. C., Robitaille, F., Long, A. C., Rudd, C. D., Simacek, P., & Advani, S. G. (2004). Use of resin transfer molding simulation to predict flow, saturation, and compaction in the VARTM process. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 126(2), 210-215.

[10]. Grujicic, M., Chittajallu, K. M., & Walsh, S. (2005). Nonisothermal preform infiltration during the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Applied Surface Science, 245(1-4), 51-64.

[11]. Hoebergen, A., & Holmberg, J. (2001). Vacuum infusion. In Composites (pp.501-515). Materials Park, OH: ASM International.

[12]. Hsiao, K. T., Gillespie Jr, J. W., Advani, S. G., & Fink, B. K. (2001). Role of vacuum pressure and port locations on flow front control for liquid composite molding process. Polymer Composites, 22(5), 660-667.

[13]. Hsiao, K. T., Mathur, R., Advani, S. G., Gillespie, J. W., & Fink, B. K. (2000). A closed form solution for flow during the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 122(3), 463-475.

[14]. Lopatnikov, S., Simacek, P., GillespieJr, J., & Advani, S. G. (2004). A closed form solution to describe infusion of resin under vacuum in deformable fibrous porous media. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 12(3), S191-S204.

[15]. Louis, B. M., Di Fratta, C., Danzi, M., Zogg, M., & Ermanni, P. (2011). Improving time effective and robust techniques for measuring in-plane permeability of fibre preforms for LCM processing. In New Material Characteristics to cover New Applications needs: SEICO n d 11; SAMPE Europe 32 International Technical Conference & Forum; Proceedings 2011 SAMPE Europe International Conference Paris (pp. 204-211). Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering.

[16]. Ni, J., Zhao, Y., James Lee, L., & Nakamura, S. (1997). Analysis of two-regional flow in liquid composite molding. Polymer Composites, 18(2), 254-269.

[17]. Sun, X., Li, S., & Lee, L. J. (1998). Mold filling analysis in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. Part I: SCRIMP based on a high permeable medium. Polymer Composites, 19(6), 807-817.

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Research Paper

Optimization of Process Parameters by ANN and Taguchi Analysis on M2 Tool Steel With Versatile Electrodes during EDM

Dinesh Kumar* , Naveen Beri**

* Dean Academics (Associate Professor), Tawi Engineering College, Pathankot- IKGujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Kumar,D., and Beri, N. (2018). Optimization of Process Parameters by ANN and Taguchi Analysis on M2 Tool Steel With Versatile Electrodes during EDM. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14738

Abstract

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis is used for the prediction of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) in Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) process of M2 tool steel, followed by a Matlab program.Taguchi's L₃₆ mixed orthogonal array was used to optimize the input parameters, such as polarity, electrode type, and concentration of abrasive powder, discharge current, voltage and duty cycle. Taguchi technique individually is not effective for multiple performance characteristics, so ANN is applied for this experimental study for converting process parameters into single performance characteristics which allows for a potential economical experimentation. The outcome analysis shows that the suggested ANN models can predict the acceptable optimum machining parameters for Electrical Discharge Machining, and has been verified experimentally as well as graphically by adopting Back-Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) model.

References

[1]. Azadeh, A., Mianaei, H. S., Asadzadeh, S. M., Saberi, M., & Sheikhalishahi, M. (2015). A flexible ANN-GAmultivariate algorithm for assessment and optimization of machinery productivity in complex production units. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 35, 46-75. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2014.11.007

[2]. Chen, Y., Sun, R., Gao, Y., & Leopold, J. (2017). A nested-ANN prediction model for surface roughness considering the effects of cutting forces and tool vibrations. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 98, 25-34. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.measurement.2016.11.027

[3]. Das, B., Roy, S., Rai, R. N., & Saha, S. C. (2016). Study on machinability of in-situ Al 4.5%Cu, TiC metal matrix composite-surface finish, cutting force prediction using ANN. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 12, 67-78. http://doi.org/10.1016 /j.cirpj.2015.10.002

[4]. Devarasiddappa, D., George, J., Chandrasekaran, M., & Teyi, N. (2016). Application of Artificial Intelligence Approach in Modeling Surface Quality of Aerospace Alloys in WEDM Process. Procedia Technology, (RAEREST), 25, 1199-1208. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.protcy.2016.08.239

[5]. Nayak, B. B., & Mahapatra, S. S. (2016). Optimization of WEDM process parameters using deep cryo-treated Inconel 718 as work material. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1), 161-170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2015.06.009

[6]. Niu, X., Yang, C., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2017). Investigation of ANN and SVM based on limited samples for performance and emissions prediction of a CRDI-assisted marine diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 111, 1353-1364. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2016.10.042

[7]. Payal, H., Maheshwari, S., & Bharti, P. S. (2017). Process Modeling of Electric Discharge Machining of Inconel 825 using Artificial Neural Network, Int. J. Mech. Aerosp. Ind. Mechatron. Manufac. Eng.,11(3), 562-566.

[8]. Prabhu, S., & Vinayagam, B. K. (2016). Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Carbon Nanotube TMT Nanosteel Material using Taguchi Analysis and Neural Networks, 39(3), 718-729.

[9]. Sangwan, K. S., Saxena, S., & Kant, G. (2015). Optimization of machining parameters to minimize surface roughness using integrated ANN-GA approach. Procedia CIRP, 29, 305-310. http://doi.org/10.1016/ j.procir.2015.02.002

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Research Paper

Designing of Various Parts of CNC Setup

Pretesh John* , Rahul Davis**

* M. Tech. (Production & Industrial Engineering) Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

John, P., and Davis,R. (2018). Designing of Various Parts of CNC Setup. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.13996

Abstract

Control of Dimensional accuracy with good surface finish is the most important requirement of the manufactured parts because it is a kind of measuring parameter to determine the reliability. The accuracy can be attained by the automation of the tool by removing the human error possibilities, and here comes the role of CNC (Computer Numeric Control) system. Use of CNC Machining in the manufacturing sector involves control of machine tools with the help of computers. The tools that can be controlled in this manner include lathes, mills, routers and grinders, etc. In this article, the designing of the various parts of CNC setup is shown by SolidWorks 2017 Student Addition with simple static simulation. The simulation results show the limits of stress, strain, and displacement in the designed setup.

References

[1]. Al Habsi, R. D. H., & Rameshkumar, G. R. (2016). Design and Fabrication of 3-Axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Laser Cutter.International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 7(5), 7-16.

[2]. ASM , A. (2017, June 1). Aluminum 6063-T5. Retrieved from http://www.aerospacemetals.com/index.html: http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp? bassnum=MA6063T5

[3]. AZoM. (2012, July 5). AISI 1018 Mild/ Low Carbon S t e e l . Retrieved from https://www.azom.com/: https://www.azom. com/article.aspx?ArticleID= 6115

[4]. Bhavani, M., Jerome, V., Raja, P. L., Vignesh, B., & Vignesh, D. (2017, March). Design and implementation of CNC router. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(3), 5037-5043. doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0603304

[5]. Jayachandraiah, B., Krishn, O. V., Khan, P. A., & Reddy, R. A. (2014, June). Fabrication of low cost 3-Axis CNC router. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 3(6), 1-10.

[6]. Jodh, G., Sirsat, P., Kakde, N., & Lautade, S. (2014, March). Design of low Cost CNC drilling machine. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 2(2), 189-196.

[7]. Khan, L. A., Mehtab, U., Hasan , E. U., & Hussain , Z. (2014, December). Design and fabrication of a CNC machine for engraving and drilling. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Scientific Research, 1(3), 1-7.

[8]. Liu, Z., Dong, J., Wang, T., Li, B., & Cui, Y. (2014). Analysis and research of reliability technology of CNC machine tools. Key Engineering Materials, 584, 208-213. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.584.208

[9]. Madekar, K. J., Nanaware, K. R., Phadtare, P. R., & Mane, V. S. (2016, February). Automatic mini CNC machine for PCB drawing and drilling. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(2), 1106-1110.

[10]. Meier, E. (2017, June 1). Mango. Retrieved from http://www.wood-database.com/mango/

[11]. Sutarman, EdiHermawan, H., & Sarmidi. (2017). Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling and turning for machining process in Xintai Indonesia. Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering, 3(5), 1-7.

i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering (JME)

Current Issue Vol. 13 Issue 4

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Volume 8 Issue 3 May - July 2018

Yadhu S. Aswan* , Ankit Pandey**, P. V. Srihari***

* Deputy Manager, Volvo Eicher Commercial Vehicles, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. ** Deputy Manager, VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. *** Associate Professor, Product Design and Manufacturing, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Aswan, Y. S., Pandey, A., and Srihari, P. V. (2018). Comparative Study on Brake Testing Standards of Trucks and Buses. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14052

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Karuppasamy Ramasamy* , Milon Selvam Dennison**, E. Baburaj***

*-** Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. *** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ramasamy, K., Dennison, M. D., and Baburaj, E. (2018). Surface Finish Achieved in Producing Pneumatic Piston Rod: An Experimental Investigation. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14733

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Vikas Kumar* , Kangkan Jyoti Baishya**, Pankaj Kalita***

Kumar, V., Baishya, K. J., and Kalita, P. (2018). Design and Experimental Investigation of a Natural Draft Improved Biomass Cookstove. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14734

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B. Vinod Kumar* , D. J. Jyothsna Devi**, M. Chandra Sekhara Reddy***

Kumar, B.V., Devi, D. J. J., and Reddy, M. C. S. (2018). Optimization of Process Parameters on Die-Sinking EDM with Twin Tool Setup Using Taguchi Method. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14736

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P. Ragupathi* , N. M. Sivaram**, Venkatesan***, Kanthimathi****

Ragupathi, P., Sivaram, N. M., Vignesh, G., and Selvam, M. D. (2018). Enhancement of Impact Strength of a Car Bumper Using Natural Fiber Composite Made of Jute. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14737

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L. Ramesh* , A. M. K. Prasad**, G. Chandra Mohan Reddy***, D. V. Ravi Shankar****, M. A. Mateen*****

Ramesh, L., Prasad, A. M. K., Reddy, G. C. M., Shankar, D. V. R., and Mateen, M. A. (2018). A Study on Influence of Inlet Pressure and Fiber Architecture on the Quality of Sample Made From VARTM. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14182

Abstract

References

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Dinesh Kumar* , Naveen Beri**

* Dean Academics (Associate Professor), Tawi Engineering College, Pathankot- IKGujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Kumar,D., and Beri, N. (2018). Optimization of Process Parameters by ANN and Taguchi Analysis on M2 Tool Steel With Versatile Electrodes during EDM. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.14738

Abstract

References

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Pretesh John* , Rahul Davis**

* M. Tech. (Production & Industrial Engineering) Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. ** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

John, P., and Davis,R. (2018). Designing of Various Parts of CNC Setup. i-manager’s Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 8(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.8.3.13996

Abstract

References

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Yadhu S. Aswan* , Ankit Pandey, P. V. Srihari*

* Deputy Manager, Volvo Eicher Commercial Vehicles, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Deputy Manager, VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

* Associate Professor, Product Design and Manufacturing, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Karuppasamy Ramasamy* , Milon Selvam Dennison, E. Baburaj*

- Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Vikas Kumar* , Kangkan Jyoti Baishya, Pankaj Kalita*

B. Vinod Kumar* , D. J. Jyothsna Devi, M. Chandra Sekhara Reddy*

P. Ragupathi* , N. M. Sivaram, Venkatesan*, Kanthimathi****

L. Ramesh* , A. M. K. Prasad, G. Chandra Mohan Reddy, D. V. Ravi Shankar, M. A. Mateen

* Dean Academics (Associate Professor), Tawi Engineering College, Pathankot- IKGujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

* M. Tech. (Production & Industrial Engineering) Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIET-SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.