JNUR_V4_N2_A2 Afsheen Hirani Arifa Fehmi Muniza Sultan Ali Neelam Nasruddin Sania Rupani Umer Haidri Zoya Khowaja Journal on Nursing 2231 – 4504 4 2 7 10 Osteoporosis, Post-Menopause, Hormonal changes, Prevalence, Pakistan Post-menopausal women face many physical, physiological and psychological alterations due to hormonal changes. Osteoporosis is one of the major bone health issues faced by them and it is the main cause of fracture incidences and disabilities. This paper defines the issue in detail along with its major causes. It explores the prevalence and incidence of post-menopausal osteoporosis worldwide and specifically in Pakistan. Furthermore, it discusses about the wide variety of treatments which include pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways i.e. diet and exercises. Moreover, it provides the preventive measures and recommendations and also explores the future research needs. By working on them, women can fight with osteoporosis and other bone health issues which can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates among women. May - July 2014 Copyright © 2014 i-manager publications. All rights reserved. i-manager Publications http://www.imanagerpublications.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=2770