Figure 1. Smart Safety Device
A series of unfortunate incidents have been taking place for women. Problem may come from any direction, such as walking on the road after the work or while they go alone. For these issues, the authors have introduced a device which ensures the safety of women. This project suggests a new perspective to use technology to protect women in case of trouble. This device resembles a normal watch which can track the location of victim using GPS and sends emergency messages using GSM to their emergency contact, police control room, or women helpline service. The specifications for the watch include Arduino microcontroller, sensors that detects the blood pressure, temperature, and pressure, and a camera. The watch provides all features such as unbreakable, waterproof and self sense that help the victim in any kind of emergency situation. It does not require a smartphone unlike other applications. This watch with all features will leave no stone unturned to help the victim in any situation.
In present world, women safety has become a major problem as they can't step out of their house after a given time due to physical/sexual harassment and also fear of violence. Even in the 21st century, where new technology is rapidly growing and new gadgets have been developed, women's are still facing such problems in our society. Due to recently happened mishaps, such as robbery, rape, and kidnaps, security for the women employees has become a top priority for most of the companies. In order to deal with such security problems, the authors have proposed a system with an innovative solution.
Figure 1 represents the safety for women in the society. This device helps track the location of vehicle and human using smart GPS (SIM900A) devices, Arduino ATmega 168/328 board, GPS (GY-GPS6MV2), screaming alarm (APR9600), with a set of pressure sensors for sensing the body temperature, power supply unit and battery. Radio frequency identification is the wireless non-contact use of radio frequency in electromagnetic fields to transfer data for automatically identifying and tracking location attached to objects. The electronically stored information in the device contains tag with temperature sensor and pressure sensors through the ADC. If all the parameters are normal and if the Emergency Button is not pressed, then it goes back in the loop and regular monitoring process will be continued. Thus the girl would be safe and feel protected. At the product level, it can be as compact as a smart watch.
Figure 1. Smart Safety Device
Currently, the status of women in India has gone through many great changes over the past few millennia [1]. A 23 year old woman physiotherapist (intern) was attacked and molested by a gang at 9:30 pm when she was traveling in a private bus with her male counterpart [2]. Women in India continue to face many social challenges and are often victims of abuse, and violent crimes. According to global polls conducted by Thomson Reuters, India is the “Fourth most Dangerous Country” in the world for women, and the worst country for women among the G20 (A group of developing industrial Nations established on 20th August 2003) countries [3].
An AT89C51 microcontroller is one of the series of 8051 microcontrollers, and one of the oldest commonly used microcontrollers [4]. PIC microcontroller is used in a watch in 2015 [5].
A research paper has shown two objects, viz a wrist band and spectacles that has GPS, GSM, and Screaming alarm connected with Raspberry Pi [6]. There is an improved security system for the safety of women by using GPS modem, GSM modem, and accelerometer [7].
Mobile based applications are also in use, but plays a pivotal role with android software [8]. A safety belt provided with all features help the victim in any kind of emergency situation [9].
For the prevention of these incidents & to stop these incidents happening in the society, Pulse rate sensor like PRS, voice code sensor like VCS application, and Wireless Sensor network as WSN were used [10].
A self defence system for women safety like a Smartwatch for women that has GPS, GSM, LED, ADC connected with microcontroller was studied earlier [11].
The system proposed to design a portable device which resembles a normal watch. Arduino kit is connected with all the components as shown in the block diagram of Figure 2. The components, include temperature Sensor and Pressure sensor connected, through the ADC. Camera is given as an input to the board. GPS and GSM/CDMA are the input and output sources respectively, from the device and also the Receiver Mobile is connected to the GSM/CDMA (SIM900A). When the threshold of the pressure sensor crosses, the device will get activated automatically.
Figure 2. Block Diagram of the System
The Arduino Uno is one of the kind of microcontroller boards based on the ATmega168/328 (datasheet). It consists of 14 pins with digital input/output (which 6 can be used as PWM output), 6 analogy inputs/output pins, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The Uno differs from all preceding normal boards that does not use the FTDI USBto- serial chip driver. Instead, the features of Atmega8U2 are programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Arduino 1.0 is the lastest named release Uno. The Arduino user kit with their specifications are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Arduino ATmega 328 Board
It consists of camera pixel with f2.0 aperture & 5P Lens. (i.e), a 5-megapixel image which is more than large enough for a clear print.
The device offers a true non-volatile storage, single-chip voice recording, and playback capability for 60 s to 2 minutes. It is been supporting both random and sequential access of multiple messages. Sample rates can be selected by user’s choice, allowing designers to customize their design for unique quality and the storage time is also calculated. Microphone amplifier, integrated output amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify the system design. This device is ideal for use in portable voice recorders and used for many other consumer and industrial applications. High levels of storage capability is achieved using APLUS integrated, by using its analog/ multilevel storage technology which is implemented in an advanced Flash non-volatile memory process. 256 voltage levels can be stored in each memory unit. This technology can enable the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form of eliminating the need for encoding and compression due to which often distortion is introduced.
Pressure Sensors are used to control and monitor thousands of applications every day. Pressure Sensors can also been called as pressure transmitters, pressure transducers, pressure indicators, and piezometer, among other alternative names. Pressure Sensors can vary from a drastic change in technology, design, performance, applications suitability, and cost. There are also category in pressure sensors that are designed to measure in dynamic mode for capturing change in pressure. From a pressure switch, when pressure is applied to the sensor, the sensor either completes the electrical circuit or breaks from it. Normally, a pressure sensor acts as a transducer, and when the pressure is imposed on, a signal is generated.
In a GPS Receiver (5V Serial port) with high gain having 4 pins and 2.54 mm pitch strip. The third generation POT (Patch Antenna on Top) is used in the receiver for the GPS module. It can be interfaced with normal 5V microcontrollers with the help of the converter inbuilt with 3V-5V. The interfacing is made easy with the help of lower pin count (4 pin) strip. The 4 pins are 5V, TX (transmitter), RX (receiver), and GND (ground). This standalone 5V GPS module does not require any external components. It consists of many internal RTC with backup battery and can be directly connected to USART of the microcontroller. The data are updated (current date, time, longitudes, latitudes, altitudes, speed, and travel directions / heading), and are provided by a module and can be used in many applications, including navigations, fleet managements, tracking systems, mappings and robotics. Upto 51 channels are supported by the modules. The GPS solution enables small form of factoring devices which deliver major advancement in GPS performances, integration, accuracy, computing power, and flexibility. They are used to simplify the embedded systems’ integration processes.
The SIM900A, a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS/CDMA solution comes in a SMT module which can be embedded into customer applications. Featuring an industr y-standard interface, the SIM900A delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for a Data, voice, SMS, also Fax in a small form of factor and with low power consumption. SIM900 can be fitted with almost all the space requirements in the M2M applications with dimensions of 24 x 24 x 3 mm. SIM900A is designed with a very powerful single-chip processor integrating AMR926EJ-S core. Quad–band GSM/ GPRS module with a size of 22 x 22 x 4 mm and SMT type suits for customer applications. An embedded Power protocol TCP/IP stack based upon mature and field-proven platform, is backed up by the support service, from definition to design and production. Table 2 shows the values of GSM/CDMA (SIM900A).
Table 2. GSM / CDMA (SIM900A)
The system was implemented in Arduino software which has been standing for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentations, is a graphical computing environment for instrumentations, system designs, and signal processing. In this project, the authors use Arduino software, which is very easiest and more powerful tool for acquiring, analyzing and presenting a real word data. Arduino has been used to prototype, design, test, and implement the device. It can reduce the time of system development and increase productivity, as it can create 16-bit compiled applications that give you the fastest execution speed needed for the custom data acquisition, testing, measurements and controls the solution and also can be created for the stand-alone executable mode of functions.
The pictorial representation of flowchart is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Flowchart of the Algorithm
The steps in the algorithm are given below.
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: To initialize the device.
Step 3: Get relevant hardware and software for the applications.
Step 4: Monitor the generator status and parameters. If any abnormal condition occurs, it is automatically intimated to the authorized persons.
Step 5: If a new SMS received on a mobile, then go to step 4, and step 2.
Step 6: Receive the SMS.
Step 7: Check the SMS.
Step 8: Controlling the device based on the status and operators can make a decision.
Step 9: Notify the end user.
Step 10: Go to the start procedure.
We need to monitor the sensor range, GSM system, and GPS tracker. It is tested by creating a circuit status for the device.
Under normal conditions,
1. Pulse rate and body temperature range: 60 to 100 beats per minute.
2. Clock range: 16 MHz
From the previous fault condition, it is intimated automatically through which the data are taken. There are existing techniques with limitations regarding the ranges considered, and therefore the authors have taken into account the pulse, temperature, pressure and clock speed range that associates with error. The simulation are taken by using Arduino software.
The objective design of this project would be dealing with the critical issues faced by women in the near past and help solve the problem with technologically sound equipments and ideas. This device will help to overcome the fear that scares every women in the society about their safety and security.