First 28 days from the birth is very sensitive period for a child's survival due to the highest neonatal mortality rate. As per the UNICEF survey, approximately 7,000 neonatal deaths occurred every day, in which most of the new born died in first six days (UNICEF, n.d.).

The increase in neonatal (new born baby) from premature birth and low-weight was found to be non-uniform across the world especially in rural areas due to lack of awareness and insufficient hospital facilities. The baby incubator is not only useful in hospitals but also at homes in rural areas, with proper pre training to the parents. This system will be detecting the health conditions of the baby with the different sensors and methodologies used in it and start processing and controlling automatically through IoT where one can monitor baby remotely. This system implemented will transfer the data of continuous measuring data of temperature, moisture and heart-beat within a big range to the one or more than one particular Android phones. And also this system is able to give alarm to the parents at any danger condition. Also a doctor who can monitor the data will predict the problem with the infant's body can take care of the baby and if the incubator temperature decreased or increased than automatically control process is done at a required given set point.

A conventional approach to monitoring of incubators using IoT, keeps hospital staff informed on the baby’s health condition. To provide peace of mind to parents when they were away from their infant, messages with SMS are sent containing updates of health of baby. This fundamental part was done by using IoT based with the help of mobile interface acquiring incubator parameters (Kumar & Suryakala, 2016). The GSM Technology was interfaced with the microcontroller to send SMS alerts to the parent's mobile number (Suruthi & Suna, 2016). Infant remote monitoring system using wireless telemetry system was implemented by monitoring the temperature, humidity, respiration rate with the sensor. All the values were displayed on LCD. A Single chip microcontroller was used to analyze infant’s vital parameters and incubator parameters and accordingly alert was sent to parents automatically (Devi & Kumar, 2019). A novel method of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) was used for maintaining infant temperature by placing newborn directly onto the mother's chest (Nirmala, Jeyashree, & Lakshmi, 2018). A system that can demonstrate benefits in terms of improved weight gain for preterm infants, used an Arduino Leonarada board in the system design along with a body temperature sensor. Notification of alarm situations has been successfully provided via vibrating smart watch, SMS, and LED's (Light Emitting Diode) using Arduino board and Android-based applications (Atul et al., 2018). A low-cost remote baby monitoring system that can measure heart rate and body temperature of an infant and sends the data to parents or caretakers remotely was developed (Ghaada, Amer, & Kasim, 2005). A system was developed that can not only monitor and send incubator parameters but also Audio/voice of the baby to indicate whether baby is crying or not (Logeshwaran, Kumar, Kuldeep, & Kumar, 2013). A wireless Monitoring System for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was developed that can provide an isolated room for a new born baby and also provides the environmental condition as it's mother's womb (Joshi, Kamat & Gaikwad, 2013). A Digital Control Unit for a Oxygen air Servo Baby Incubator as a control device was developed using Microcontroller where the incubator reaches the required state in fewer minutes (Indu, Shakunthala, Banu, Deepika, & Indu, 2018). A novel technique with ANN was developed to simulate the premature infant incubator control system. Temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration of the incubator were monitored with this system (Wentworth, 2005). A Smart Jacket Design for Neonatal Monitoring with Wearable Sensors was implemented for reliable health monitoring and a comfortable clinical environment for neonatal (Sreenath, Kumar, & Lohit, 2012). Neonatal phototherapy is used to treat Hyperbilirubin anemia (Jaundice). This therapy requires a light source with effective spectrum, high irradiance and large effective treatment area. This was implemented in incubator designed along with the safety aspects (Rajesh, Lakshman, Prasad, & Mouli, 2014). An incubator was designed that can monitor and detect the light inside the incubator and also audio or voice of the baby and generates an alarm for abnormal signal detection. The advantage of the work is it helps doctors and nurses to monitor the baby condition continuously. For future improvement, adding parameters such as monitoring of heart pulse and humidity was recommended (UNICEF, n.d.).

In most of the systems mentioned in literature survey, following drawbacks are present which leads to implement the proposed system. In smart jacket incubator different sensor are mounted on jacket babies body must be in contact with this jacket. Some incubators are made from wood during the high humidity it becomes a sponge and it's harmful for babies. It is expensive to buy an incubator. Most of the incubators are highly priced and not affordable to parents in rural and remote areas. The incubator requires power source to work. In most rural and remote areas, reliable source of power is a major challenge.

From the literature survey done, monitoring of humidity, pulse rate, body temperature, oxygen percentage and light intensity are important parameters to be considered in infant incubator design. Also, an alarm system that can detect parameters are nearing safety level threshold or not, is also essential to prevent harmful situation. But, the important feature that is missing in these systems mentioned in literature is to provide a low cost Phototherapy to treat jaundice in new born. In phototherapy which is also called as photo-oxidation process, bilirubin (the orange-yellow pigment of bile) in blood of newborn is lowered using blue lights without harming the neonatal. A prototype is successfully designed and LEDs are arranged in parallel in order to utilize the spreading beam of light into a uniform distribution of light intensity. In this project, phototherapy method is used by these LEDs. The light source is positioned above or below the baby and the irradiance is dependent on the distance between the baby and the lights.

Therefore, the proposed neonatal incubator system will also consist of not only an alarm system and different sensors that can measure humidity level, temperature level, oxygen level and light intensity and monitor heart pulse rate but also a low cost phototherapy unit.

This incubator is an apparatus that provides a closed and controlled environment for the sustenance of premature babies. But recently, many premature babies have lost their lives due to lack of proper monitoring of the incubator that leads to accidents (leakage of gas and overheating causing short circuits and eventually, the bursting of incubators). The neonatal (neo=new, natus = to be born) can survive outside of the mother's womb with the help of baby incubator, provided the required environment to be maintained by incubator for premature baby to sustain. But in recent time, improper incubator design, short circuit in incubator, gas leakage inside the incubator has caused accidental deaths of premature babies.

This paper deals with the low cost neonatal incubator system that monitors neonatal vital parameters like pulse rate, body temperature and incubator parameters like moisture, oxygen percentage and light intensity. These parameters are monitored and moisture, oxygen percentage and light intensity are controlled with proposed incubator. These parameters are also sent to the Hospital staff through IoT (Internet of Things), so that immediate action can be initiated to take proper care of neonatal that ensures safety to the neonatal (infant's) life by maintaining incubator parameters as per required. So by keeping this problem in mind, the better solution to this problem with the advanced technology is proposed in this work. The necessity of the proposed work is to provide a safe and affordable mechanism for monitoring the incubator which will help in reducing the mortality rate of neonates. IoT is making our progress of outcome very easily and in most advanced way with the combined connection of our physical things with the cloud and making everything possible in a simple way. The proposed system involves the use of Arduino Uno integrated to various sensor units such as Heart beat, gas, light (LDR), temperature, accelerometer and WET sensors. This system also consists of a phototherapy unit implemented using blue LEDs to treat Hyperbilirubin anemia. This system uses Wi-Fi module to collect the sensed data and send this data to the hospital staff when there exists any variation in specified condition to make alert. The readings of the sensor are continuously monitored with help of mobile app and can be controlled. Thus provides efficient and safe incubator design. The system proposes the use of a temperature sensor to sense the temperature of the incubator. Any increase in the temperature beyond the specified range the bulb in the incubator gets turned off and the fan in the incubator gets turned on. ADXL 335 accelerometer is used to detect the position of the incubator. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used to provide internet connectivity, collect the data and upload it to the internet, thereby making wireless communication between Arduino and mobile which is the process of internet of Things (IoT). The incubator parameters are sent to the cloud using the Telnet app platform through the Wi- Fi module. The output is monitored by a computer or a message notification is sent to mobile with the help of the mobile application called as Telnet app to the baby's doctor and nurse. The continuous reading of these parameters such as temperature, oxygen, light and heart beat can be monitored in Telnet app in mobile thereby ensuring the ambient atmosphere being maintained for the neonates. Alarm will help the hospital staff to take immediate action and thereby, save an infant from an imminent danger. Figure 1 shows the block diagram representation of the system implemented. The output is monitored by a computer or a message notification is sent to mobile with the help of the mobile app i.e Telnet app to the baby's doctor and nurse.

Figure 1. Block Diagram of the System

3.1 Algorithm Implementation

The flowchart of Figure 2 explains algorithm implemented for this system in the step by step working procedure. First of all, the sensors are connected to Arduino board. The sensors like temperature sensor, pulse sensor, moisture sensor, light intensity, gas sensor and MEMS accelerometer. Arduino takes input values from sensors and these input values are given to the Wi-Fi module. Output values are displayed in the mobile through Telnet app, where Wi-Fi module is connected to it. Fan and bulb are used in baby incubator system. If temperature o increases more than 36.5 C then fan is switched on in the incubator. Fan is used to reduce the temperature in the incubator. Bulb is used to produce warm inside the incubator. If bulb gets turned off fan gets turned on. The buzzer is used in incubating system. If blood pressure (BP) is above or below set point then buzzer automatically gets switched on. If any change in gas levels are detected inside the incubator then also buzzer gets switched on.

Figure 2. Block Diagram of the System

3.2 Data Transfer with Telnet app using Internet of Things (IoT)

The system will take the parameters like temperature, pulse rate, humidity level, gas level, light intensity and the wet conditions of baby's bed using moisture sensor. The values are measured and embedded into the Arduino using appropriate sensors. If there is any deviation from the threshold values, an alert message is given to the care taker. The measured values are displayed using Telnet app and the values are secured by encrypting the data's using a IP address.

The main aim of this incubator is to maintain the temperature between a maximum and minimum temperature range, this temperature range can be managed with a fan that keep air flowing. The other parameters are used to monitor the baby and incubator parameters. Results are monitored with mobile app which is used get the information through a Wi-Fi module which is used as wirelesses communication system. Based on the system requirements, in Figure 3 shows the output readings as patient 1 and patient 2 readings and so on. So the system will be monitored continuously inside the infant incubator. The work done is a smart infant incubator monitoring system where the baby health condition as well as the environment of the baby both will be monitored in a simple and efficient way.

Figure 3 shows the prototype model implemented for IoT based Medical Device for Neonate Health Condition Monitoring. It also shows the recorded parameters like temperature, light intensity, etc., those are transmitted using Telenet App.

The results obtained from the mobile app i.e. Telnet app and the output displayed in mobile and can be monitored in personal computer. If the temperature in incubator increased above 37^o centigrade then cooling unit take place by switching on fan, similarly if temperature decreases then heating unit take place by switching on bulb.

Figure 3. Prototype Implemented for the System and Parameters Transmitted

The incubator chamber is sufficient enough to accommodate the baby comfortably. As the electronic part is separated from the compartment the baby is kept the baby can be assured safe.

Table 1 shows the experimental readings obtained using the implemented system. The readings were obtained from five different neonatal in terms of temperature, pulse rate, body position, moisture, light intensity and toxic gas presence.

Table 1. Experimental Result

This system implemented will be detecting the health conditions of the neonatal in the incubator with the different sensors and methodologies used in it and start processing through IoT where one can be able to know the neonatal condition remotely. This system implemented will transfer the data of continuous measuring data of temperature, moisture and heartbeat, etc., and also give alarm to the parents at any danger condition. Also a doctor who can monitor the data will predict the problem with the infant's body and can take care of the baby and if the incubator temperature decreased or increased than automatically control process is done at a required given set point. Also, this proposed system provides a phototherapy unit using blue LEDs to treat jaundice in neonatal.