Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has changed our society remarkably in the last few years, one key feature is its great and continuously-increasing size. There seems no end in sight to the proliferation of mobile communications as over 120,000 new base stations are deployed yearly, and there is growth across every demographic from teenagers to businessmen to the poorest Indian village. The intersection of two undeniably increasing trends, escalating energy costs and meteoric growth in voice and data communications usage, creates an urgent need to address the development of more energy efficient ‘green’ communications. According to BCC Research, the ICT global market was worth $38.4 billion in 2010; the forecast is a growth to $58.4 billion and the downlink traffic from cellular handsets is expected to grow more than eight fold rising from 56MB per month to 455MB by 2015. This meteoric rise in users and data demand alone does not create a crisis; however when one evaluates the communications ecosystem from a carbon footprint and energy cost perspective, the results are startling. Although its effects on our everyday lives are obvious, the hazardous effects that this technology may have on the environment are much less clear and seldom talked about and are often neglected or overlooked. These impacts can be expressed throughout the lifecycle (from the manufacturing, use and disposal) of the ICT product. This paper presents a research vision for Green Communications. The core tenant of our Green Communications vision is to reduce overall energy consumption within framework of optimizing system capacity and maintaining user Quality of Service.